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How To Think Like A Writer

How To Think Like A Writer

Writing isn't easy. In fact, it can be painfully difficult. Why? Because it's thinking, but on paper. "To write well is to think clearly. That's why it's so hard," said Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author David McCullough.

Many great writers, including Joan Didion and Don DeLillo, have said that their purpose for putting words on paper is to find clarity with their thoughts, and have described the process of writing as one of becoming familiar with their own minds.

“I find that by putting things in writing I can understand them and see them a little more objectively," Hunter S. Thompson wrote in a 1958 letter. "For words are merely tools and if you use the right ones you can actually put even your life in order."

If you're a writer, then you're likely both devoted to your craft and eternally frustrated by it -- and even the most talented writers could use guidance from the greats on how to hone their powers of thinking and get those creative juices flowing. Take a cue from the likes of Henry Miller, Zadie Smith and William Faulkner to get into your "writer's mind" and produce your best work.

Click Here For The Full Article

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At The Bottom of the World...

Antarctica's Twaites Glacier, one of the six glaciers of the Amundsen Sea Embayment of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Credit: NASA

Sea level rise estimates are going to need to be revised upward: A portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is home to some of the fastest-flowing glaciers on the continent appears to have entered a state of retreat and melt that is “unstoppable,” two new studies have found.



It has passed the point of no return,” said Eric Rignot, lead author on one of the studies and a glaciologist at the University of California, Irvine, and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.



The West Antarctic Ice Sheet has been of concern to climate scientists because it contains enough ice to add 10 to 13 feet to global sea level rise were it all to melt. (Because the ice sheet’s ice is bound to land, it increases the volume of the ocean as it flows into it, like ice cubes added to a glass of water; sea ice, on the other hand, doesn’t change the ocean’s volume as it melts because it is already displacing that volume, just as a melting ice cube doesn’t add volume to the glass.)



Scientific American: Melt of Key Antarctica Glaciers "Unstoppable"

Tomorrow: Thinking Science

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world exists by definition

The world is defined by the description of the behavior of men over time, that is what others write about them and what they write about themselves. With the prominence of written history men write others out of history and themselves into history. Glorifying self at the expense of debasing others is the normal political protocol while the form called "not mentioning" is a weapon of choice. History repeats itself so if you don't mention it, it won't be repeated. Alas, it comes back in another form especially if it proved useful in the remembered pass. That is the crux of energy theory (another lesson). Thus, there is a link between selective written history and the human experience that gets embedded in our minds, ie the guilt trip, original sin, and apologetics. Can you handle the truth?

It is a hideous thing to live a lie and not know it, even worse if you know it and go along with it. The Wikipedia definition of "civilization" is telling. It says that institutions, languages, cultural practices and all the trappings are sort of at the hands of a subjugating influence. They ran out of words when it comes to the word "colonization" because they used them for the word "civilization." By condensing the span of time into a brief explainable moment and using the afore mentioned form called "not mentioning" you could put yourself into the written historical record smelling like roses instead of the dung.

The discrepancy between civilization and colonization became apparent in the description of the actions taken by people of the Nile Valley and that of the invading Greeks and Romans. When you dive down into the words and actions you find the motives still in play. The dominant say they all are about civilization but really the force of the motive is colonization. The local leaders ever reaching for favors of higher levels, world leaders, popes, God (as defined by them). We faught for civil rights because that appealed to us, the right to be civil and be treated civil, the same as other citizens. But they had defined us as beast of their burdens and not citizens, by definition, the legal terms.

We have holy books we revere because supposedly they don't change, the real power is from the dictionary that changes every day. Every day! To hide or glorify or debase by definition. The most powerful book in the world is the one of legal terms and definitions (like Blacks Law Dictionary). Ooh I'm not effected by words like that! When we changed the "N" word to also mean "nappy" we couldn't wait to get "good" hair. Got'cha!!

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Reporting Science...

Media Bistro

An interview with Miles O'Brien and how science in an entertainment-driven media frequently gets reported, often by many who don't have a science background or training. Mr. O'Brien did bring his training as a history major and enthusiasm for getting stories accurate - he demonstrates his chutzpah during the interview. Miles sadly had a traffic accident where a portion of his arm had to be amputated afterwards, (he seems to be in good spirits). If anything, the interview gives perspective on how science is reported to the nation, what holds our attention and what we ultimately emphasize and deem as important. Unfortunately, it also describes quite well the tripartite Venn diagram between dogma, ignorance and science denial. Source: StarTalkRadio.net

Tomorrow: At The Bottom of the World

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Acoustic Tractor Beam...

Credit: Physics World (link below)

An acoustic "tractor beam" that can pull an object by firing sound waves at it has been created by physicists in the UK and US. The beam was made using a commercial ultrasound surgery system and differs from previous tractor beams that use light. The researchers say their technique could be readily adapted for medical applications that manipulate objects or tissue within the body.



The new tractor beam has been created by Mike MacDonald and colleagues at the University of Dundee, University of Southampton and Illinois Wesleyan University by using an ultrasound ablation system, which is normally used to destroy tumours thanks to focused beams of intense sound. First proposed in 2006 by Philip Marston of Washington State University and realized using light in 2010 by David Grier and colleagues at New York University, the technique involves firing two beams of ultrasonic waves upwards at a triangular-shaped target at about 51° either side from the vertical direction. The target is shaped such that the beams bounce off opposite sides of the triangle, causing the reflected sound to travel straight up (see figure "Reflecting beams").



Physics World: Physicists sound-out acoustic tractor beam

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Saturn Opposition...

Image Source: Link below

On May 10, at 2 p.m. EDT, Saturn reaches opposition — the point in its orbit when it lies opposite the Sun as seen from Earth. The planet then appears as a bright yellowish object at magnitude 0.1 in the constellation Libra the Scales. In the Northern Hemisphere, that star pattern rises in the southeast at sunset.



As you might guess, opposition means the planet rises at sunset, climbs highest in the south around 1 A.M. local daylight time, and sets as the Sun comes up. Opposition also brings Saturn closest to Earth, so it shines brightest for the year (at magnitude 0.1). During times of good seeing (atmospheric steadiness), an observer can pick out the more prominent features of the globe and rings through a 3-inch telescope.



There’s no rush to do this. An apparition (observing season) of Saturn spans a bit more than 10 months. The current one began in late November 2013 when Saturn emerged from the solar glare in the morning sky. The planet will remain visible until October, when it will sink too low in the west after sunset for useful observations.



Astronomy: Saturn shines brightest in May, Michael E. Bakich

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Mother's Day (re post and add)...

Image Credit: IndieRockCafe.com

An anniversary, of sorts...

History of Mother's Day



"The first official Mother's Day celebrations in the United States took place in West Virginia in 1908, at the urging of Anna Jarvis. Anna's mother (also named Anna), who was active in her community, frequently organized women's groups to promote friendship and health. It had been her dream to reunite families divided by the Civil War with a day dedicated to mothers. When she passed away on May 12, 1907, Anna held a memorial service at her late mother's church in her honor. Her mother's idea of Mother's Day quickly caught on, and within five years of her death, virtually every state was observing the day on the anniversary of her death. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared the second Sunday of May as the official Mother's Day.



"You can do anything you want to do, if you set your MIND to it. You can do all things through Christ who strengthens you." Mildred D. Goodwin, sunrise 15 September 1925, sunset 7 May 2009, laid to rest 12 May 2009.



Despite my challenging background, she said this often, and believed the quote I reproduced above, and more importantly: she (my MVP) believed in me. I am ever grateful that even as the light was fading from your eyes, you knew who your children - my sister and I - were.



Mildred: Her name means "gentle strength." She was that. Her name for me was "stink": diapers. You understand.



Please honor your mother (while she lives), who assists you in fulfilling your dreams: http://www.e-cards.com/area/mothers-day/ (also source of "history of Mother's Day" above)
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Loop Quantum Cosmology...


This classic video discusses the rapidly growing field of loop quantum gravity or, more generally, loop cosmology. The main idea behind loop quantum gravity is that space-time is granular and that such granularity is a consequence of quantum mechanics. The powerful implication of this, if, of course, the theory turns our to be correct, is that quantum theory and general relativity can be joined together in what is usually called quantum gravity. Such a powerful junction of the two fields would enable cosmologists to answer some fundamental and almost esoteric questions, for instance, what was the nature of the big bang and what caused it. This video introduces the main ideas of the field and the leading experts, including their interviews.



Source: PhysicsDatabase.com

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Expanding the Alphabet...

Image source: Huffington Post Science

For billions of years, the history of life has been written with just four letters — A, T, C and G, the labels given to the DNA subunits contained in all organisms. That alphabet has just grown longer, researchers announce, with the creation of a living cell that has two 'foreign' DNA building blocks in its genome.



Hailed as a breakthrough by other scientists, the work is a step towards the synthesis of cells able to churn out drugs and other useful molecules. It also raises the possibility that cells could one day be engineered without any of the four DNA bases used by all organisms on Earth.



“What we have now is a living cell that literally stores increased genetic information,” says Floyd Romesberg, a chemical biologist at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, who led the 15-year effort. Their research appears online today in Nature.



Nature: A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet
Denis A. Malyshev, Kirandeep Dhami, Thomas Lavergne, Tingjian Chen, Nan Dai, Jeremy M. Foster, Ivan R. Corrêa & Floyd E. Romesberg
Nature: First life with 'alien' DNA
#P4TC:
DNA Codex
Google Mapping Human Genome
Book of Life

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The Dark God's Gift will return!

The 'Dark God's Gift' will return! Soon I'll be putting out the call for authors to submit works for DGG vol. II! Once more dark tales of sci-fi, fantasy, horror and more will envelop the minds of online readers at the Black Science Fiction Society. They 'Trynaught' will not be denied....

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El Niño...

Source: NOAA's El Niño Page

The El Niño / La Niña climate pattern that alternately warms and cools the eastern tropical Pacific is the 800-pound gorilla of Earth’s climate system. On a global scale, no other single phenomenon has a greater influence on whether a year will be warmer, cooler, wetter, or drier than average. Naturally, then, the ears of seasonal forecasters and natural resource managers around the world perked up back in early March when NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center issued an “El Niño Watch.”



The “watch” means that oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean are favorable for the development of El Niño within the next six months. These maps reveal one of the most significant of those favorable signs: a deep pool of warm water sliding eastward along the equator since late January.



As the warm surface water is pushed westward by the prevailing winds, cool water from deeper in the ocean rises to the surface near South America. This temperature gradient—warm waters around Indonesia and cooler waters off South America—lasts only as long as the easterly winds are blowing.



If those winds go slack or reverse direction in the western Pacific, the warm pool of water around Indonesia is released and begins a slow slosh back toward South America. The slosh is called a Kelvin wave. If the Kelvin wave has a strong impact on the surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific, then it can help change the atmospheric circulation and trigger a cascade of climatic side effects that reverberate across the globe.



Climate.gov: Slow slosh of warm water across Pacific hints El Niño is brewing
Huffington Post: Climate Change Is Already Here

NOAA's El Niño Page

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The Drink That People Think Will Replace Food

#blackscifi #afrofuturism #blacktwitter #blerd 

In December of 2012, three young men were living in a claustrophobic apartment in San Francisco’s Tenderloin district, working on a technology startup. They had received a hundred and seventy thousand dollars from the incubator Y Combinator, but their project—a plan to make inexpensive cell-phone towers—had failed. Down to their last seventy thousand dollars, they resolved to keep trying out new software ideas until they ran out of money. But how to make the funds last? Rent was a sunk cost. Since they were working frantically, they already had no social life. As they examined their budget, one big problem remained: food.

They had been living mostly on ramen, corn dogs, and Costco frozen quesadillas—supplemented by Vitamin C tablets, to stave off scurvy—but the grocery bills were still adding up. Rob Rhinehart, one of the entrepreneurs, began to resent the fact that he had to eat at all. “Food was such a large burden,” he told me recently. “It was also the time and the hassle. We had a very small kitchen, and no dishwasher.” He tried out his own version of “Super Size Me,” living on McDonald’s dollar meals and five-dollar pizzas from Little Caesars. But after a week, he said, “I felt like I was going to die.” Kale was all the rage—and cheap—so next he tried an all-kale diet. But that didn’t work, either. “I was starving,” he said.

Click Here For The Full Article

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Ununseptium...

Credit: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories

The official Periodic Table of the Elements is one step closer to adding element 117 to its ranks. That’s thanks to an international team of scientists that was able to successfully create several atoms of element 117, which is currently known as Ununseptium until it’s given an official name.



The paper for this experiment has been published in Physical Review Letters.



Ununseptium, like many superheavy elements near the end of the periodic table, is incredibly unstable, existing only for fractions of a second before decaying into other elements. In fact, scientists didn’t actually observe any atoms of element 117 – its existence was confirmed by its decay. Indeed, the elements that 117 decays to themselves decay.



As part of the Periodic Table, Ununseptium would be considered a Group VII element, putting it in the same family as flourine, bromine and chlorine.



Forbes: Scientists Confirm The Existence Of Element 117, Alex Knapp
Phys.org: Superheavy element 117 confirmed
Radio Chemistry: Element 117, Ununseptium

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Tyranny of Authoritarians...

Image Source: The Graveyard Site

This was inspired by my read of the old COSMOS on my kindle. I happened upon this letter excerpt from Galileo to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615. Given the unbelievable, relentless assaults on the new show by Young Earth/Universe Creationists, Galileo might as well have been writing this letter in the 21st Century:



To the Most Serene Grand Duchess Mother:



Some years ago, as Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before our own age. The novelty of these things, as well as some consequences which followed from them in contradiction to the physical notions commonly held among academic philosophers, stirred up against me no small number of professors-as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature and overturn the sciences. They seemed to forget that the increase of known truths stimulates the investigation, establishment, and growth of the arts; not their diminution or destruction.

.

.

.

Now as to the false aspersions which they so unjustly seek to cast upon me, I have thought it necessary to justify myself in the eyes of all men, whose judgment in matters of` religion and of reputation I must hold in great esteem. I shall therefore discourse of the particulars which these men produce to make this opinion detested and to have it condemned not merely as false but as heretical. To this end they make a shield of their hypocritical zeal for religion. They go about invoking the Bible, which they would have minister to their deceitful purposes. Contrary to the sense of the Bible and the intention of the holy Fathers, if I am not mistaken, they would extend such authorities until even m purely physical matters - where faith is not involved - they would have us altogether abandon reason and the evidence of our senses in favor of some biblical passage, though under the surface meaning of its words this passage may contain a different sense.



That's aspersions...without asparagus!



Fordham University
 Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615

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Pseudo Gap Superconductors...

Argonne National Laboratory

Thanks to a new study by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, researchers have identified and solved at least one paradox in the behavior of high-temperature superconductors. The riddle involves a phenomenon called the “pseudogap,” a region of energy levels in which relatively few electrons are allowed to exist.



Despite their name, high-temperature superconductors are actually quite cold – roughly 250 degrees to 350 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Conventional superconductors, like those used in MRI machines or particle accelerators, are even colder. Even though they are still quite cold, high-temperature superconductors are of special interest to researchers because, at least in theory, they are much easier to keep sufficiently cold and are thus potentially more useful.



Argonne National Laboratory:
Scientists gain new insight into mysterious electronic phenomenon

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A Plane That Drives...

Source: Link below

Flying cars have long been the stuff of science fiction, though plenty of entrepreneurs and visionaries have struggled to make the concept a reality – including no less than the original Henry Ford.



The group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni that developed the Transition flying car have said they’re ready to take a giant leap even farther into the wild blue yonder. They’ve announced a more advanced concept, the TF-X, that is rapidly working its way toward reality.



To start with, the four-seater would be capable of vertical take-offs and landings. And since it would largely be controlled by a central computer network, the TF-X would, claims a Terrafugia promotional video, require a pilot/driver to have as little as five hours of training, a slight fraction of what it now takes to get the most basic private pilot’s license.



Oh, and if that isn’t appealing enough, the team says their newest flying car design would use an environmentally friendly plug-in hybrid powertrain.

NBC News: Flying Car Moves from Science Fiction Toward Reality,
Paul A. Eisenstein
#P4TC: From Fantasy, To Reality (2011)
Site: Terrafugia.com

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Last month I brought into question the marketing for Mark Millar’s upcoming comic MPH. After weighing in the comments and opinions of comic fans and writers alike, it was a brief twitter conversation with journalist David Brothers that caused me to go back and reassess my issues with the original marketing.

David:I read the piece & I can’t call the story till I see it. As far as marketing, the CREAM , reference read as tongue-in-cheek to me.”

Me: Yeah, I guess I could see that, maybe I’m off base.

David: “I get your concerns and you aren’t wrong to question them, but you don’t have a lot of evidence one way or another right now.”

Mr. Brothers was very correct on this point. Despite how things appeared I couldn’t make a judgement without having read the comic. Since the book comes out in May, I decided to give it a break.

So I went back on the Internet to look for more info on the series in order to prove my fears unfounded. Since it’s not out yet, maybe I’d find something that would make me want to buy it besides controversy.

What I learned was that MPH, as described by the mini-series’ creator, is supposed to be a view of the American Dream, which can be a nightmare for some. The main character, known as Roscoe, a young black man, is going to use these superspeed-granting drugs to go on a global crime spree.

In the preview, lyrics from the famous rap song C.R.E.A.M by the legendary Wu-Tang Clan were quoted to illustrate what the main protagonist’s motivations were through the use of drugs. This latest statement about the American Dream brings to mind rapper NaS’ song Street Dreams as well as the whole of ‘90s Hip-Hop, which in many ways embodied the idea of fast money whether through music or illegal activity.

I’m not saying that drug use in the U.S.A doesn’t exist, and I won’t say that black folks or anyone else for that matter don’t use and sell drugs here. But a lot of what I’m getting from this comic reads like “what I know about black people I learned from rap circa 1994”. None of what I just mentioned helps the fact that this budding super-criminal is a man of color, a group already associated with illegal activity and bad intentions nationwide, if not worldwide.

The fact that Mark Millar is a white writer could make this bad look for him in many eyes, and he really should’ve known better at least in terms of how sensitive of a subject this could become. I’m not going to throw out any harsh words at him, or brand him anything, (I’ll leave that for Black Twitter). My fear that this comic has racist undertones stems from the fact that the main character is a man of color from Detroit, a city already beleaguered with crime and gang violence, and he chooses to add to that crime when granted the ability to lessen it.

I don’t know anyone from Detroit except for a few creators who all seem like nice guys, and by no means am I saying that everyone in Detroit is a saint. But with all the white heroes throughout the years who have stumbled upon great power and acted completely responsibly with it, or even just got fed up and donned a mask to protect the streets, this lone black teen has to use his powers to commit crimes? Couldn’t he be a noble soul, tired of seeing senseless violence and watching his people slowly kill themselves?

I’m asking these questions because I really want to know why this couldn’t have been the case? Is Miles Morales enough to cover that base of “good black teen” while countless Caucasians with powers do the right thing? Are we as readers to believe that one group of people are inherently more noble than the other where the realm of fiction is concerned?

The origin of his powers are also another issue for me, and bring to mind two other characters. The first is former Young Avengers leader Elijah Bradley, a.k.a. Patriot, who gained his powers initially from Mutant Growth Hormone (MGH). Eli wasn’t a villain, but he almost became one after a drug-induced rampage forced his team to stop him.

The second character is Jasper Jenkins, a.k.a. The Bounce, who is a drug addict with superpowers and who oddly happens to be a hero. Why isn’t he robbing banks to get money for his habit?

So I spoke to my friend and mentor Karl Bollers, writer of the Eisner-nominated Watson and Holmes, a comic where though the heroes are black and though they have issues they do the right thing. While he thought the concept behind MPH was sensationalist and exploitative of prejudices, he also wondered if Millar was being satirical. That got me thinking about Millar’s unique view of America as a Scottish person.

When I watch all those infomercials…about how you can become a millionaire in your spare time, I get it! And I love that about America

- Mark Millar

If this is indeed satire — or just Millar’s take on the American Dream or a version of it — then it not only says something about how he may see black people, but how he sees Americans in general. The notion of the quick win or easy money is something that is at play in this book and while it still can be seen as offensive, it may also be a dark mirror shown to the face of American ideals and what they have become.

Crime has always been the original easy money scheme, and in a society where people can and have become rich and famous for nothing, someone using their powers for personal gain may not be far fetched.

Karl also reminded me of the story of X-Men and Alpha Flight member Northstar, who used his super speed to win in the athletic field. Here is another instance of a person with the same powers as Roscoe using his ability to get ahead but not in an explicitly criminal sense. Why couldn’t Roscoe use his abilities to build things quickly or improve his lot in life without need for a crime spree?

I can see why some folks wouldn’t find this offensive and before anyone starts with “If a black writer did this…” I’d be even more concerned because they should know better, I talk a bit about that in an old article I wrote here. This may not hit home for the majority of comic book fans, but I don’t need any more reasons for people like this to try and exclude or lampoon me from the realm of comics.

Racism still exists in comics, folks, and all the black heroes in mainstream comics — most of them rarely used — won’t stop the culture from latching onto something and having ill-intentioned fun with it.

Do I think Mark Millar is a racist? I don’t know him so I can’t make that statement, but I do know that he does things for shock value and while that could be the case here, somethings you just don’t need to do or must be careful about.

That being said, I’m still going to pick this comic up on the off chance that it is indeed a satire of the American Dream, or turns out to be something entirely different than I thought.

Tune in next time when the Word is…

 

 

 03-rough-e0f08

 

 

 

 

Originally posted on Comics Bulletin

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The Baartman Bag, Part III

I don’t have much time. Voices echo in the hall. I glance around the room, my gaze settling on the cabinet. My hand trembles as I open it. Yandi’s rubbing alcohol is the first thing I see, perched next to a bottle of cleaning solution and dirty rags. I reach for the alcohol and unscrew the cap, careful not to breathe in the pungent vapors as I pour some on the tube sock.

I raise my dress and tie the damp sock around my thigh like a tourniquet, rolling it down to the middle of my leg, making sure it’s far enough away so it doesn’t burn my bare genitals. Alcohol drips on the concrete like caustic tears as I douse the cleaning rags. Once they’re soaked, I stuff them in the pockets of the waist apron. The laundry room smells astringent. Medicinal. Like a doctor’s office. I wrap the apron around my waist so the three pockets are at my back and the belt ties in front, the opposite way the women in the oil bath wear it. I fluff my house dress around my waist, trying to conceal the belt.

A key jangles in the lock. Yandi is chatting with someone. Her laughter is loud, even through the thick door. I pick up the bottle of alcohol. Only a quarter of the fluid remains. I place the open container in the apron pocket closest to my left hip. As the door swings open, I stand a few feet away, hands by my side, trying to calm my mind.

Click here to read the rest of Part III!

Click here to catch up on Part I!

Click here to catch up on Part II!

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Team Tesseract...

Source: Museum of Flight

Orion is the first spacecraft designed to transport astronauts as far as Mars. NASA plans to launch the first Orion test flight later this year. Longer distance space flight poses a number of design challenges.



“In deep space the challenges are zero gravity and a radiation environment. So bone loss, muscle loss and the radiation as you don’t have the atmosphere of the Earth to protect you,” said Laurence Price Deputy Program Manager at Lockheed Martin.



Price is talking about the Van Allen Belt, a tightly packed field of radiation around the earth that acts as a layer that protects earth from charged ions. NASA has to study this area of radiation before they can send a manned spaceflight through it, and possibly on to Mars sometime after 2020.



The test flight will allow NASA to, among other things, experiment with different approaches to shielding radiation.



To come up with a radiation shield, Lockheed Martin, NASA and the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) created the Orion spacecraft Exploration Design Challenge for high school students. “So the idea behind the challenge is to get the students interested in something that is very necessary and we need to make a lot of progress in it… the students put a proposal together and build an experiment to measure the different approaches to radiation shielding,” said Price.



Student teams from around the country participated in the competition.



While at the USA Science and Engineering Festival last week, the winning design was announced by Team ARES from the Governor’s School for Science and Technology in Hampton, VA.



The American Radiation Eradication in Space (ARES) team created a 7” cubic shield called the Tesseract. It will house and protect a dosimeter from radiation while in flight. The final incarnation will be made of Tantalum, Tin, Zirconium, Aluminum, and Polyethylene. The heavy metals will block gamma rays while ions and neutrons are captured by the hydrocarbons of the polyethylene. The students selected their materials based on cost, malleability, machinability, weight, and abundance. Thanks to CAD models, the design was made to have flanges and bolts which allow the Tesseract to be strong, easily produced, and opened.



Engineering.com:
Orion Spacecraft will carry Radiation Shield designed by High School Students

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