Reginald L. Goodwin's Posts (3116)

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Dirac Cones...

Dirac Cones - PhysicsWorld

Physicists in the US have done calculations that suggest "Dirac cones" exist in thin films made of bismuth and antinomy. Dirac cones are features in the electronic band structure of a 2D material where the conduction and valence bands meet in a single point at the Fermi level...According to Tang, the films could also form the base material for next-generation electronic devices. "Electron speeds in devices made of bismuth–antimony would be hundreds of times greater than those in current silicon devices," he says.

 

Physics World: Dirac cones could exist in bismuth–antimony films

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Imagineering...

German artist Alexander Preuss, Ufunkdotnet

Walt Disney Imagineering is the master planning, creative development, design, engineering, production, project management, and research and development arm of The Walt Disney Company and its affiliates. Representing more than 150 disciplines, its talented corps of Imagineers is responsible for the creation of Disney resorts, theme parks and attractions, hotels, water parks, real estate developments, regional entertainment venues, cruise ships and new media technology projects.

 

By blending creativity and innovative technological advancements, Walt Disney Imagineering has produced some of the world's most distinctive experiential storytelling... more at the site.

 

Call it "Dreaming Dreams," part II, and a help to teachers instructing science:

 

Scoopdotit: Using Science Fiction to Teach Science

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Majorana Fermions-Sort Of...

Nabbed. This oddball transistor with a normal metal electrode (N) and a superconducting electrode (S) registered signs of Majorana fermions at the two ends of a nanowire spanning the electrodes.
Credit: V. Mourik et al

In 1937, after the rise of quantum mechanics, Ettore Majorana, an Italian theoretical physicist, realized that the new physics implied the existence of a novel type of particles, now called Majorana fermions. After a 75-year hunt, researchers have now spotted the first solid evidence of their existence. And their discovery could hold the key to finally creating workable quantum computers .

 

Prior to Majorana's work, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger came up with an equation that describes how quantum particles behave and interact. Paul Dirac, an English physicist, tweaked that equation to apply it to fermions, such as electrons, moving at near-light speed. That work tied together quantum mechanics and Einstein's special theory of relativity. It also implied the existence of antimatter, where every particle has an antimatter counterpart—such as electrons and positrons—and that the two would annihilate each other if they ever met. Dirac's work suggested that some particles, such as photons, could serve as their own antiparticles. But fermions weren't thought to be among them. It was Majorana's manipulations of Dirac's equations that suggested the possible existence of a new type of fermion that could serve as its own antiparticle.

 

Science Mag: Physicists Discover New Type of Particle--Sort Of

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Fun to Imagine...


I had a Ford coil--a spark coil from an automobile--and I had the spark terminals at the top of my switchboard. I would put a Raytheon RH tube, which had argon gas in it, across the terminals, and the spark would make a purple glow inside the vacuum--it was just great!

 

One day I was playing with the Ford coil, punching holes in paper with the sparks, and the paper caught on fire. Soon I couldn't hold it any more because it was burning near my fingers, so I dropped it in a metal wastebasket which had a lot of newspapers in it. Newspapers burn fast, you know, and the flame looked pretty big inside the room. I shut the door so my mother--who was playing bridge with some friends in the living room--wouldn't find out there was a fire in my room, took a magazine that was lying nearby, and put it over the wastebasket to smother the fire.

After the fire was out I took the magazine off, but now the room began to fill up with smoke. The wastebasket was still too hot to handle, so I got a pair of pliers, carried it across the room, and held it out the window for the smoke to blow out.

But because it was breezy outside, the wind lit the fire again, and now the magazine was out of reach. So I pulled the flaming wastebasket back in through the window to get the magazine, and I noticed there were curtains in the window--it was very dangerous!

Well, I got the magazine, put the fire out again, and this time kept the magazine with me while I shook the glowing coals out of the wastepaper basket onto the street, two or three floors below. Then I went out of my room, closed the door behind me, and said to my mother, "I'm going out to play," and the smoke went out slowly through the windows.

Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman, Part 1: From Far Rockaway to MIT: He Fixes Radios by Thinking!

NobelPrizedotorg: Richard P. Feynman

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Last Flight of Noah's Ark...


The Last Flight Of Noah's Ark is a Disney film released by Buena Vista Distribution on June 25, 1980. The film stars Elliott Gould, Geneviève Bujold and Ricky Schroder. (Wiki)

A poignant note for yesterday's last flight of Discovery before retirement to the Smithsonian Institution. Noah's Ark; the Epic of Gilgamesh et al are essentially, stories of survival, using engineering principles to do so. I feel humans must become a space faring species, even if the only extraterrestrials we eventually encounter are our own grandchildren.

 

Washington Post: Shuttle Flies Over Washington DC

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Beyond "Set on Stun"...


BOULDER, Colo. – Physicists at JILA have demonstrated a novel “superradiant” laser design, which has the potential to be 100 to 1,000 times more stable than the best conventional visible lasers. This type of laser could boost the performance of the most advanced atomic clocks and related technologies, such as communications and navigation systems as well as space-based astronomical instruments.

 

Described in the April 5, 2012, issue of Nature,* the JILA laser prototype relies on a million rubidium atoms doing a sort of synchronized line dance to produce a dim beam of deep red laser light. JILA is a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado Boulder (CU).

 

JILA/NIST physicist James Thompson says the new laser is based on a powerful engineering technique called "phased arrays" in which electromagnetic waves from a large group of identical antennas are carefully synchronized to build a combined wave with special useful features that are not possible otherwise.

 

NIST: JILA Team Demonstrates 'A New Way of Lasing': A 'Superradiant' Laser

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Molecular Wankel Engines...

Technology Review

Technology Review: One of the great discoveries of biology is that the engines of life are molecular motors--tiny machines that create, transport and assemble all living things.

 

That's triggered more than a little green-eyed jealousy from physicists and engineers who would like to have molecular machines at their own beck and call. So there's no small interest in developing molecular devices that can be easily harnessed to do the job.

 

Today, Jin Zhang at the University of California Los Angeles and a few pals say they've identified a machine that fits the bill.

 

A couple of year ago, chemists discovered that groups of 13 or 19 boron molecules form into concentric rings that can rotate independently, rather like the piston in a rotary Wankel engine. Because of this, they quickly picked up the moniker "molecular Wankel engines". The only question was how to power them.

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Dreaming Dreams...

Matthew J. Laznicka - Popular Mechanics

Acts 2:17 (redacted): ...and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams...

Octavia E. Butler's Parable of the Sower, and Parable of the Talents are defined as "dystopian novels," not unlike "1984" (which happens to be the year I graduated college undergrad - Orwellian). I'm not so sure that a movie of either work would do justice to the stories told: based on the after effects of global warming, short-sighted politics, hyper empathy, religion, race, class, sexuality, slavery and spaceflight! A lot in both works.

The [apparent didactic] function of the dystopian: sound the alarm of where we're likely heading, make it as horrible as humanly possible and steer us in a course correction from plunging over a social/political/scientific cliff (metaphorically speaking). Or, at least the sheer satisfaction of saying: "I told you so!" The Dark Knight Returns (void of didacticism), another influential, modern example.

However, I was struck by the call in this article for "Big, Bold Science Fiction" reflective of the big, bold times. However, we're dominated by the technology as "end-users" not producers; the goal now to get-a-job to buy/consume the stuff; our fantasies are handed to us on a CD or million-player online universes by video game programmers. I seldom see or hear of kids reading comic books (most of the purchases are by adults now). S.T.E.M. careers are being avoided in droves, the void filled by other young people in other countries more prepared to face the challenges of a high-tech world...and probably higher reading rates in speculative and classical fiction.

*****

The future isn't what it used to be. And neither is science fiction. While books about space exploration and robots once inspired young people to become scientists and engineers—and inspired grownup engineers and scientists to do big things—in recent decades the field has become dominated by escapist fantasies and depressing dystopias. That could be contributing to something that I see as a problem. It seems that too many technically savvy people, engineers in particular, are going to work for Web startups or investment firms. There's nothing wrong with such companies, but we also need engineers to design bold new things for use in the physical world: space colonies instead of social media.

 

Read more: Why We Need Big, Bold Science Fiction - Popular Mechanics
See also: FutureMorphdotorg

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ROI...


ROI: return on investment. An investment in education, preparing our children for 21st Century careers. An investment in fusion energy, harnessing the power of the sun, using Deuterium, plentiful in oceans, producing heat to turn turbines and generate electricity. Most of it is now done with coal. This could change geopolitical concerns, increase energy independence by reducing our carbon footprint. 

High-gain nuclear fusion could be achieved in a preheated cylindrical container immersed in strong magnetic fields, according to a series of computer simulations performed at Sandia National Laboratories.

The simulations show the release of output energy that was, remarkably, many times greater than the energy fed into the container's liner. The method appears to be 50 times more efficient than using X-rays—a previous favorite at Sandia—to drive implosions of targeted materials to create fusion conditions.

"People didn't think there was a high-gain option for magnetized inertial fusion (MIF) but these numerical simulations show there is," said Sandia researcher Steve Slutz, the paper's lead author. "Now we have to see if nature will let us do it. In principle, we don't know why we can't."

High-gain fusion means getting substantially more energy out of a material than is put into it. Inertial refers to the compression in situ over nanoseconds of a small amount of targeted fuel.

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Matter, Antimatter, Supercomputing...

Brookhaven National Laboratory

UPTON, NY — An international collaboration of scientists has reported a landmark calculation of the decay process of a kaon into two pions, using breakthrough techniques on some of the world’s fastest supercomputers. This is the same subatomic particle decay explored in a 1964 Nobel Prize-winning experiment performed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), which revealed the first experimental evidence of charge-parity (CP) violation — a lack of symmetry between particles and their corresponding antiparticles that may hold the answer to the question “Why are we made of matter and not antimatter?”

 

The new research — reported online in Physical Review Letters March 30, 2012 — helps nail down the exact process of kaon decay, and is also inspiring the development of a new generation of supercomputers that will allow the next step in this research.

 

BNL: Supercomputing the Difference between Matter and Antimatter

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Lifting All Boats...

A&T-UNCG Nanoscience-Nanoengineering Consortium

The aphorism "a rising tide lifts all boats" is associated with the idea that improvements in the general economy will benefit all participants in that economy, and that economic policy, particularly government economic policy, should therefore focus on the general macroeconomic environment first and foremost. The phrase is attributed to John F Kennedy Wikipedia
 

Watch Monday, April 2, 2012 on PBS. See more from NC Now.

 

Admittedly biased; tremendously blessed.
December '84, Engineering Physics graduate - Aggie Pride!

 

A&T-UNCG Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering

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Credit: PhysicsWorld

...thank Einstein (though reluctant to have contributed to its creation), preceding him James Clerk Maxwell,  Michael Faraday, Gustav Kirchoff, Ludwig Boltzmann, Henrich Hertz, Max Planck; contemporaries Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard and Max Born who coined "Zur Quantenmechanik" in a 1924 paper, the inimitable Richard Feynman, and any physicist or engineer that has studied, used and designed with quantum mechanics since. Smiley

Any oversight is an error on my part.

Researchers in California have developed a system that can rapidly determine the size of an earthquake and the extent of its impacts within a fault zone, including its potential for triggering a devastating tsunami. The researchers have used the system – which is based on GPS measurements – to accurately model two historic earthquakes in Japan and northern Mexico.
 

The 2011 Japanese earthquake disaster showed that the first few minutes after an earthquake are critical. When the Tōhoku earthquake struck, it took geophysicists more than 20 min to compute that the earthquake was magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale. Had the authorities known the full extent of the earthquake sooner, it would have given them valuable time to activate early-warning systems to help prepare people for the large tsunami that would inevitably follow.

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Sowing The Wind...


Hosea 8:7 NKJV - They sow the wind, And reap the whirlwind. The stalk has no bud; It shall never produce meal. If it should produce, Aliens would swallow it up.
Credit: LiveScience

ATLANTA — The United States is at risk of ceding its leadership in science, a number of physicists agreed Monday (April 2), though there was less of a consensus on a clear solution to the problem.


Five physicists shared their worries about America's scientific future during a panel discussion here at the April 2012 meeting of the American Physics Society, saying that governmental funding for science research is in crisis, and not enough U.S. students graduate with degrees in science, technology, engineering and math.


"There are some facts and figures that are very disturbing, which show the United States might be losing ground in science and discovery, whereas other countries are gaining," Pushpa Bhat, a physicist at Illinois' Fermi Accelerator National Laboratory (Fermilab), said at a press conference preceding the panel. "We can't sit back and watch."


Bhat lamented the lack of cutting-edge physics facilities in this country. While many of the world's best instruments and experiments, such as Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator, used to be housed here, that frontier has moved elsewhere. For example, the world's largest atom smasher, the Large Hadron Collider, is located at the CERN lab in Switzerland, while Illinois' Tevatron has shut down.

Not to sound Cassandra (my wife's name, though lovely, Apollo has given her no gift of prophesy), but I see our dilemma as "a trifecta of three Ds":

  • Deification of market forces - Libertarianism, Neoliberalism, Outsourcing - in all aspects of public life

  •  Devaluation of a well-rounded education curriculum - PE for non-athletes, music helping math scores, art/poetry helping reading comprehension, the discontinuation of learning how-to write in script (texting now dominate) - for standardized testing that teaches life's answers are a, b, c, d, or e (all of the above)

  • Disingenuous manipulation of The First Amendment for political gain

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics: This has historically been the source of wealth since Sputnik. It focused our country to become a technological behemoth before culture wars became dominant. I fear our short-sightedness is a national Attention Deficit Deficiency, a result of our instant access to information, sound-bite dominated media, text messaging, 140-character limits that does not encourage reflection on what we do now, and how it affects the future.
 


Live Science: Crisis for US Science Is Looming, Physicists Warn
APS: See article "Endangered Physics Department Saved,"middle of page

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My Two Cents So Far...



Education: What are your plans for the ascendance of nanotechnology in the United States? Do you have a comprehensive plan similar to the concentration of American education vis-à-vis the post-“Sputnik moment” of the 1960s – 70s?

Space: Do you understand the Fibonacci sequence, and how it would possibly be used in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence?

 

Submit yours: ScienceDebatedotorg2012

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Life Imitates Art...

Hermes debued at Austin Convention Center during National Instruments' Week 2011

Then...

S.T.A.R. Labs, is a fictional research facility, and comic book organization appearing in titles published by DC Comics. It first appeared in Superman #246 (December 1971) and was created by Cary Bates and Rich Buckler.

S.T.A.R. The Scientific and Technological Advanced Research Laboratories was founded by a scientist named Robert Meersman, who wanted a nationwide chain of research laboratories unconnected to the government or any business interests. He succeeded not only on a national scale, but an international one as well: S.T.A.R. Labs currently maintains facilities in Canada, Europe, Australia, and Japan as well as in the United States, with the total number of facilities numbering between twenty and thirty at last recorded count. (Wiki)


Space Transport and Recovery Systems, LLC (STAR Systems) is a startup aerospace venture dedicated to providing affordable access to space with the Hermes spacecraft: a suborbital space shuttle for everyone, built on the premise that anyone should be able to take a trip into space without spending their life savings. By combining the latest commercially available advances in materials science and hardware with over 60 years of lessons learned in aerospace technology and a “build-a-little, test-a-lot” mantra, STAR Systems is poised to provide lower cost, high frequency access to suborbital space on-demand for space tourists, academia and technology developers. Come join us for the ride, the sky is no longer the limit! (see link below)

 

Hermes was the herald, or messenger, of the gods to humans, sharing this role with Iris. A patron of boundaries and the travelers who cross them, he was the protector of shepherds and cowherds, thieves, orators and wit, literature and poets, athletics and sports, weights and measures, invention, and of commerce in general. (Wiki)

 

Link: HermesSpace
Space.com: Mini Space Shuttle Looks for Online Donors

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