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Space Seed...

Interstellar objects like Oumuamua could be the source of life as we know it. ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornme

Topics: Carl Sagan, Exoplanets, SETI, Space Exploration, Star Trek

Note: Star Trek had an episode titled "Space Seed" with Ricardo Montalbán and his portrayal of Khan Noonien Singh. Also, since I've used Panspermia before, that was the rationale for the post title (with proper attribution, of course).

Are we truly earthlings? Is terra firma unequivocally the birthplace of humanity?

Maybe not. A new paper by a trio of Harvard University researchers argues that we all might be immigrants from deep space, brought to Earth via a mechanism called panspermia.

While the conventional wisdom from biologists has long been that life on Earth began on Earth, science fiction isn't so fuddy-duddy. “Prometheus,” Ridley Scott’s 2012 prequel to the blockbuster “Alien” franchise, is one of many films positing that our planet was seeded by extraterrestrial life.

In the movies, aliens use some sort of engineered transportation system to get here — rockets or wormholes, for example. Panspermia makes no such technical demands. Here’s the basic idea: A meteor slams into a planet where life exists, and the collision lofts into space a microbe-containing dirt clod. The clod eventually slams into another world and infects it with life.

Are germs from outer space the source of life on Earth?

Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer, SETI Institute

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Nasty Tricks and Tasty Treats

"LaShaun, you better not be on the roof again."

"Mom, we're just up here playing Spider and Prey. We want it to look realistic."

"Hurry up and get dressed for Halloween."

"I am dressed. I am wrapped in spider-silk and Frank's going to dangle me from the roof at just the right moment."

"Did you put the lights up?"

"Yes, mom. Remote's in the kitchen."

"What's my part?"

"You don't have a part. You're the Mom handing out candy to innocent children. That is your part. You also get to be technical support. Turn on the lights after I twitch convincingly and then surprise moan."

"Frank makes his menacing hiss and the kids run off screaming into the night."

"No they won't."

"Yeah, Mom, they will. Remember when he jumped down and ran off with the Davis kid dressed as Superman?"

"All I remember is having to chase him down the street telling him not to eat that kid."

"Yeah. That's what all the kids remember too...They don't know he lives in the backyard."

"Frank says there are kids coming down the street. He's on the back side of the house."

"The camera is recording from the corner of the house and in the car."

"Great, Mom. I'm going to the roof to get ready. Stall 'em for a minute."

"Okay, Caesar Romero."

"Trust me, Mom. It's gonna be great."

"FRANK, no running off with the kids!"

"He knows, Mom. He knows."

"He knew last year, too."

"After we're done here, you have to finish packing. We'll need to be on the road by tomorrow."

"Okay, Mom. See you soon."

"Trick or Treat!"

"Hello children. What do we have here. A vampire. A princess. Captain America. What about you little girl? What are you?"

"A serial killer. They look just like everyone else."

"That's so sweet... Everyone gets some candy."

"What's that noise?"

"What noise?"

"Help me!"

Children and parents scream as LaShaun dangles from the porch awning skillfully wrapped in webs. Mom hits the lights and they see Frank, waving his arms in a menacing but completely over-acted fashion. LaShaun twitches artfully while spinning above the heads of the fleeing children.

The terrified families flee down the street, followed by smaller dog sized things swarming from around the house. Each is grabbed, webbed, scooped up and flung skyward to land with an awkward thump in the backyard of LaShaun's house.

The spiderlings too small to carry away prey, pick up every drop of candy and debris before disappearing into the darkness. It was as if no one had ever been there.

The next group of children were just a block away, everything had to be perfect.

Frank reels LaShaun in and the two high-five.

"Yes, Frank, it's going to be an all you can eat night."

Nasty Tricks and Tasty Treats © Thaddeus Howze, 2018

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Leadership of Ghouls...

Topics: Civics, Civil Rights, Human Rights, Politics, Women's Rights

Ghoul (n):

1 : a legendary evil being that robs graves and feeds on corpses

2 : one suggestive of a ghoul

especially : one who shows morbid interest in things considered shocking or repulsive Merriam-Webster

Nihilism (n):

1

a : a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless

Nihilism is a condition in which all ultimate values lose their value.

— Ronald H. Nash

b : a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and especially of moral truths

2

a : a doctrine or belief that conditions in the social organization are so bad as to make destruction desirable for its own sake independent of any constructive program or possibility

b capitalized : the program of a 19th century Russian party advocating revolutionary reform and using terrorism and assassination Merriam-Webster

MOSCOW (AP) — A security aide to Yevgeny Prigozhin, a Russian businessman who has been indicted by American investigators for allegedly trying to interfere with the 2016 U.S. election, says the mogul has been involved in attacks on several people and at least one killing, an independent Russian newspaper reported Monday.

Prigozhin has been dubbed “Putin’s chef” for organizing catering events for Russian President Vladimir Putin and even personally serving him and his guests on some occasions.

The Novaya Gazeta article Monday by reporter Denis Korotkov came out several days after unknown people sent a funeral wreath to the journalist’s home and left a basket with a severed goat’s head at the newspaper’s office.

Korotkov’s article relies on several interviews with Valery Alemchenko, a former convict who worked for Prigozhin. Alemchenko said he orchestrated attacks on Prigozhin’s opponents as well as the killing of an opposition blogger in northwest Russia, all at the mogul’s behalf.

According to the Crime Museum's web site, the third early sign of a serial killer is the mutilation of animals. Apparently in Moscow, it's a key job description.

We cherish, as well as take our freedoms for granted. If the death of Jamal Khashoggi is not investigated by the UN; if the extra judicial killings in and by Russia is not backed up with stiffer sanctions, it is a matter of time before it's tried on these shores. If the suspicious deaths of low-level bloggers or reporters are met with collective shrugs, the First Amendment will at that point in history have been fed through a shredder. It matters not which Amendment is your "favorite," for those of our citizenry that cannot count beyond the 2nd: The Constitution for all intents and purposes is at that point worthless toilet paper for the dung hill America will have become.

Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Cornell Law

*****

'I told you, Winston,' he said, 'that metaphysics is not your strong point. The word you are trying to think of is solipsism. But you are mistaken. This is not solipsism. Collective solipsism, if you like. But that is a different thing: in fact, the opposite thing. All this is a digression,' he added in a different tone. 'The real power, the power we have to fight for night and day, is not power over things, but over men.' He paused, and for a moment assumed again his air of a schoolmaster questioning a promising pupil: 'How does one man assert his power over another, Winston?'

Winston thought. 'By making him suffer,' he said.

'Exactly. By making him suffer. Obedience is not enough. Unless he is suffering, how can you be sure that he is obeying your will and not his own? Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing. Do you begin to see, then, what kind of world we are creating? It is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imagined. A world of fear and treachery is torment, a world of trampling and being trampled upon, a world which will grow not less but more merciless as it refines itself. Progress in our world will be progress towards more pain. The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love or justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. Everything else we shall destroy everything. Already we are breaking down the habits of thought which have survived from before the Revolution. We have cut the links between child and parent, and between man and man, and between man and woman. No one dares trust a wife or a child or a friend any longer. But in the future there will be no wives and no friends. Children will be taken from their mothers at birth, as one takes eggs from a hen. The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are at work upon it now. There will be ...no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science. When we are omnipotent we shall have no more ..need of science. There will be no distinction between beauty and ugliness. There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life. All competing pleasures will be destroyed. But always -- do not forget this, Winston -- always there will be the intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face -- for ever.'

George Orwell, '1984,' Part 3, Chapter 3

*****

An obvious fan of the illegitimate president* sent pipe bombs to a specific enemies list: Joe and Jill Biden, John Brennan, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Robert De Niro, Eric Holder, Barack and Michelle Obama, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Maxine Waters and the staple of conspiracy theorists, George Soros. They apparently threw in Governor Andrew Cuomo and CNN where his little brother works to round out the list. This is how they look mind you, when they WIN (by hook, or Russian crook). It might have something to do with vitriolic rhetoric of the media as "the enemy of the people," chants of "lock her up," praising Neo Nazis at Charlottesville and a congressman for body slamming a reporter. Just saying...

(Dishonorable mention of inciting murderous mayhem: Mama Grizzly Sarah "don't retreat, instead: RELOAD!" Palin, and Mr. Loofah Bill "Tiller the Baby Killer" O'Reilly.)

The blueprint of the dystopian by Eric Blair (George Orwell was his pen name) seems daily revealed, slowly with increasing frequency. The author hinted at any totalitarian regime that was in vogue at the time of his brief life (he died after the publication in 1949). It could be Nazis, it could be the Soviets; it could be George Lincoln Rockwell (Richard Spencer looks like he purposely cloned himself after him) in a Philip K. Dick dystopia - "The Man in the High Castle," currently in its third season on Amazon Prime. The date 1984 was merely a nod to the future. There are many theories on the origin of the novel's name. It targets no specific epoch for when a society essentially experiences entropy: it merely darkly illustrates what such a society might look like. So does "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood (on Hulu); "The Parable of the Sower" and "The Parable of the Talents" by Octavia Butler (that SHOULD be made into movies, or a series). Though their endings are grim, the relief for the reader is it is a complete fantasy. S/he is comforted that such an event can never happen in modern times and understanding of democratic republics, and promptly orders a soothing latte. Before the anarchy of authoritarianism, it must be fueled by apathy.

Yesterday and today [ominously, the date of the article is November 9, 2012] mark the 74th anniversary of Nazi Germany's state-instigated pogroms known as Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), a turning point in Hitler's anti-Jewish policy. For most scholars, it marks the beginning of the period we now define as the Holocaust.

Nazi militants destroyed thousands of stores and Jewish homes, desecrated cemeteries and burned down hundreds of synagogues. German Jewish citizens were arrested, systematically humiliated and abused in public in every city, town and village of Germany and in the recently annexed Austria. The majority of German citizens were bystanders to the pogrom and did not try to prevent the vandalism and destruction.

The events of Kristallnacht teach a valuable lesson. They show that a modern society can become numbed to the fate of its minorities. Since Hitler's rise to power in March 1933, Jews had been classified and categorized as "others." They were demonized, legally discriminated against and spatially segregated. Non-Jewish Germans were increasingly convinced that the treatment of Jews was justified and did not concern them. Remembering Kristallnacht: It starts with apathy, Alejandro Baer, Star Tribune

I will make this my last post before November 5 and 6, 2018 (literally: Judgment Day). Our country will either be a referendum against creeping fascism, or an endorsement of it. Putin has boldly proclaimed our better days are behind us, mocking the United States and orange shit stain to John Bolton's face. The KGB master spy's ideal is likely a return to serfdom on a global scale, with figurehead potentates reporting into him as kingpin crime boss, the "strongmen" maintaining control with fear, division and xenophobia. William Shakespeare said "what's past is prologue," and since the future is ours to shape, it doesn't have to be an inevitable slide to tyranny. This is a time to early vote, then canvas; then call until the last minute - until the last breath. This is the election of not just our lifetimes, but the lifetimes of our posterity yet born, for a world they'll inherit that will be habitable, or not; a world that will be fairer to people of color, our daughters, our LGBT relatives, immigrants... or, not. We've all lived through the low turnouts of the 1994 and 2014 midterms, near and distant history that have shaped this current crisis now. This is NOT a time for the indifferent, haughty bench warmers or the "too woke" to vote. The apathetic need to get out of the way of The Indivisible. If we lose this one, we all lose a nation and our place as the world's last, best hope.

Those remaining in that dark aftermath of a dangerous, unsure world are usually ordered about the remainder of their short days by zombies, Nazis...or, ghouls.

"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot,

Nothing is going to get better. It's not."

― Dr. Seuss, The Lorax

#VOTE
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Nouveau Paradox...

Credit: Getty Images

Topics: Modern Physics, Quantum Mechanics, Schrödinger's Cat, Theoretical Physics

In the world’s most famous thought experiment, physicist Erwin Schrödinger described how a cat in a box could be in an uncertain predicament. The peculiar rules of quantum theory meant that it could be both dead and alive, until the box was opened and the cat’s state measured. Now, two physicists have devised a modern version of the paradox by replacing the cat with a physicist doing experiments—with shocking implications.

Quantum theory has a long history of thought experiments, and in most cases these are used to point to weaknesses in various interpretations of quantum mechanics. But the latest version, which involves multiple players, is unusual: it shows that if the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics is correct, then different experimenters can reach opposite conclusions about what the physicist in the box has measured. This means that quantum theory contradicts itself.

The conceptual experiment has been debated with gusto in physics circles for more than two years—and has left most researchers stumped, even in a field accustomed to weird concepts. “I think this is a whole new level of weirdness,” says Matthew Leifer, a theoretical physicist at Chapman University in Orange, California.

The authors, Daniela Frauchiger and Renato Renner of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, posted their first version of the argument online in April 2016. The final paper appears in Nature Communications on 18 September. (Frauchiger has now left academia.)

Reimagining of Schrödinger's Cat Breaks Quantum Mechanics—and Stumps Physicists, Davide Castelvecchi, Scientific American

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Belief in Oneness...

#NuffSaid

Topics: Civics, Civil Rights, Climate Change, Diversity, Existentialism, Human Rights, Politics

Dear Millennials,

New York Magazine (the home state of our current orange nightmare) couldn't be more stark: your futures are being determined by ossified, geriatric creatures that KNOW they will not live to see the impact of their disastrous decisions on the environment, stoking wars, cutting taxes for their wealthy benefactors and themselves (ballooning the federal deficit); packing the Supreme Court with right wing, misogynist and sexist ideologues that don't hold your views on fairness, equality and will influence your lives for at least two generations. Along with subverting our electoral process in 2016 with Russia, the cover up of the apparent murder and brutal dismemberment of Jamal Khashoggi (15 must be the "magic number" in Saudi Arabia). This may tie to Jared Kushner being in the Saudi prince's "pocket," usually meaning he owes him, likely for a business loan that salvaged his New York property, ominously addressed "666 Fifth Avenue." Whether agnostics, atheists or theists, that's a lot to digest. I list these concerns because you will only get older, and the world they're destroying you will inherit, in whatever condition it's left in, however long it lasts.

Notice the message is fear: I saw a commercial warning of socialism, open borders, MS-13 paid for by a conservative PAC. I saw a bus load of seniors in Georgia getting on a bus to vote being stopped for no crime other than voting. Native Americans in North Dakota are having their votes blocked by legal fiat. Note the distinct dichotomy in the definitions of democracy and fascism - they're obviously leaning towards the latter. Parkland shooting survivors and their activism terrifies them. Since 2015, it's been observed they are getting older and dying off. The heady days of Ronald Reagan taking 61 to 30 voters between 18 to 24 is well-past their better days and jump shots. A lot of things back then aligned with that popularity: nostalgia was "Laverne and Shirley"; "Happy Days" "Back to the Future" and "Family Ties" with Michael J. Fox as a young urban professional - conservatism was "cool" but it's overstayed its shelf life. Democracy only worked for them when they were in the numerical majority - the tables turn circa 2042, and by the blatantly demonstrable voter suppression activities WITHIN the United States, they're panicking early now. The ONLY way they can stay in power is to suppress the youth and minority vote, and maybe collude with a foreign power.

Speaking of the environment: we're losing insects around the world at an alarming rate due to climate change. The meddlesome critters are an important part of our food chain, which if you're capable of reading this post, you're squarely at the top of it. Destroy the foundation; it eventually drives up the price of food, then inhibits the access to it. That is a recipe for starvation, poverty, hyper income inequality, wars...and extinction.

*****

The capitalized term First Contact, in Human context, was used to specifically refer to the first official publicly and globally known contact between Humans and extraterrestrials. The First Contact took place on the evening of April 5, 2063, when a Vulcan survey ship, the T'Plana-Hath, having detected the warp signature of the Phoenix, touched down in Bozeman, central Montana, where they met with the Phoenix's designer and pilot, Zefram Cochrane. This event was generally referred to as the defining moment in Human history, eventually paving the way for a unified world government and, later, the United Federation of Planets. The event also became an annual holiday called First Contact Day. Memory Alpha - First Contact

I've always been dubious about this platitude in Trek mythology, that somehow knowing that we're "not alone" in the universe was some kind of unifying force multiplier to eternal (and secular) Kumbaya and Koinonia. The screaming at immigrant children at the border BEFORE the 2016 elections and kiddie concentration camps now leave my optimism in doubt. Roddenberry was playfully imaginative, but Pollyannish at best.

Star Trek was born in the 1960s as was the Civil Rights movement, which involved hoses, bricks, fire bombings and assassinations. It was during the Cold War with (ironically) Russia, and the notion that "duck and cover" drills wouldn't ultimately save us from extinction. So, it was a brief respite from the existentialism that gripped most in those days. Someone who looked like us might survive our own pride and hubris. There could be life after half-life.

*****

The belief that everything in the universe is part of the same fundamental whole exists throughout many cultures and philosophical, religious, spiritual, and scientific traditions, as captured by the phrase 'all that is.' The Nobel winner Erwin Schrödinger once observed that quantum physics is compatible with the notion that there is indeed a basic oneness of the universe. Therefore, despite it seeming as though the world is full of many divisions, many people throughout the course of human history and even today truly believe that individual things are part of some fundamental entity.

People who believe that everything is fundamentally one differ in crucial ways from those who do not. In general, those who hold a belief in oneness have a more inclusive identity that reflects their sense of connection with other people, nonhuman animals, and aspects of nature that are all thought to be part of the same "one thing." This has some rather broad implications.

First, this finding is relevant to our current fractured political landscape. It is very interesting that those who reported a greater belief in oneness were also more likely to regard other people like members of their own group and to identify with all of humanity. There is an abundance of identity politics these days, with people believing that their own ideology is the best one, and a belief that those who disagree with one's own ideology are evil or somehow less than human.

It might be beneficial for people all across the political spectrum to recognize and hold in mind a belief in oneness even as they are asserting their values and political beliefs. Only having "compassion" for those who are in your in-group, and vilifying or even becoming violent toward those who you perceive as the out-group, is not only antithetical to world peace more broadly, but is also counter-productive to political progress that advances the greater good of all humans on this planet.

Quaint, and for a better time, but until we get there...

65,853,625 voted for the sane candidate.
62,985,105 voted for the orange fascist tweeting on the loo and defecating from his pie hole in a breathtaking achievement of daily, all-time Olympic-level lying.

"You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father’s desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies." John 8:44 NIV (yes, I'm trolling)

This election, I'm asking the "silent majority"...to give a shit. It's literally your futures.

"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot,

Nothing is going to get better. It's not."

― Dr. Seuss, The Lorax

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Tools Made of Light...

Topics: Diversity in Science, Optical Tweezers, Laser, Nobel Prize, Women in Science

I'm pretty sure I was in the throw of midterms. I did not miss it, just didn't have time to post about it.

Tools made of light

The inventions being honored this year have revolutionized laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.

Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers. This new tool allowed Ashkin to realise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects. He succeeded in getting laser light to push small particles towards the centre of the beam and to hold them there. Optical tweezers had been invented.

A major breakthrough came in 1987, when Ashkin used the tweezers to capture living bacteria without harming them. He immediately began studying biological systems and optical tweezers are now widely used to investigate the machinery of life.

Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses ever created by mankind. Their revolutionary article was published in 1985 and was the foundation of Strickland’s doctoral thesis.

Press release: The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Mon. 22 Oct 2018. < https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/ >

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AI and MEMS...

Image: Guillaume Dion

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Internet of Things, MEMS, Neuromorphic Devices

A single silicon beam (red), along with its drive (yellow) and readout (green and blue) electrodes, implements a MEMS capable of nontrivial computations.

In order to achieve the edge computing that people talk about in a host of applications including 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), you need to pack a lot of processing power into comparatively small devices.

The way forward for that idea will be to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) computing techniques—for so-called AI at the edge. While some are concerned about how technologists will tackle AI for applications beyond traditional computing—and some are wringing their hands over which country will have the upper hand in this new frontier—the technology is still pretty early in its development cycle.

AI on a MEMS Device Brings Neuromorphic Computing to the Edge

Dexter Johnson, IEEE Spectrum

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A Family Affair...

Credits: Frances Arnold Credit: Caltech

Topics: Chemistry, Diversity, Diversity in Science, NASA, Nobel Prize, Women in Science

Click here to read about Frances Arnold's Nobel Prize.

"What the heck does Mom want? Oh, Mom probably doesn't understand the time difference, she's in Dallas right now and is probably still thinking it's California time…maybe she just wants me to go check on her cats…" A litany of mundane explanations ran through James Bailey's bleary mind at 3:23 a.m. on October 3 when he was awakened from a deep sleep by three phone calls from his mother's cell number. Bailey silenced his phone for the first two, getting grumpier with each ring. Call #3 did the trick. He picked up the phone and said groggily, "What do you want?" With great excitement and maybe a tinge of impatience, his mother said, "I wish you had picked up your phone, but I just won the Nobel Prize."

Bailey bolted upright, thrilled by the news and fueled by adrenaline. "I was overjoyed for her. It's fairly difficult to verbalize how I feel," he said. He never did manage to go back to sleep that night. In a few hours, he'd be able to share the news with his colleagues when he arrived at his job at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Building 179, High Bay 1 -- the clean room where he is a flight technician working on Mars 2020.

Bailey's mother is Frances Arnold, the Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering at Caltech, which manages JPL for NASA. Her 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors her pioneering work in creating new, improved enzymes in the laboratory using the principles of evolution. Arnold shares the prize with two other scientists.

Arnold's bio has an abundance of academic milestones and stellar awards. She was the first woman to receive the 2011 Charles Stark Draper Prize from the National Academy of Engineering. She is also the first woman and one of just a few individuals elected to all three branches of the National Academies: for Medicine, Sciences and Engineering.

Bailey traveled a different path than his mother to his job at JPL. Growing up in Pasadena, he didn't thrive in conventional schools, so he pursued vocational training in welding and machining. After high school, he worked on high-performance cars at a local shop. At 20, he joined the Army, where he was trained as a Blackhawk helicopter mechanic and became part of a flight crew. After wrapping up six years of military service, including crucial work on medical evacuation helicopter teams in Afghanistan, he learned JPL was looking for people with an aviation background to work as flight technicians. Bailey fit the bill, and he was hired.

Caltech Mom Wins Nobel Prize, Son Is JPL Mars Flight Tech

DC Agle / Andrew Good, NASA

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Nano Noise...

New noise: researchers have discovered a new type of noise that is associated with differences in temperature. (Courtesy: iStock/Swillklitch)

Topics: Acoustic Physics, Applied Physics, Nanotechnology, Semiconductor Technology, Thermodynamics

A new type of electronic noise has been discovered by a team of physicists and chemists in Israel and Canada. Dubbed “delta-T noise”, the effect occurs when two sides of a tiny electrical junction are at held at different temperatures. As electronic devices become ever smaller, the researchers predict that delta-T noise could become increasingly problematic. The good news is that delta-T noise could be used to measure temperature differences in nanometer-scale objects – something that is extremely difficult to do.

When physicists think of noise it is not the clamor from a pop concert or a busy road, but rather electrical signals that are an intrinsic property of a device. For almost 100 years, physicists have known about two sorts of fundamental noise in electrical signals. Thermal noise is proportional to temperature and is a result of the random motion of electrons. This creates fluctuations in electrical current even if there is no applied voltage and the average current is zero. Thermal noise can have negative consequences in a circuit, but it can also be used to measure the absolute temperature of an object. The second type of noise is called shot noise and does require an applied voltage. Shot noise occurs at very low currents when the discrete nature of electrons causes fluctuations in current.

The idea of delta-T noise first came to Oren Tal of the Weizmann Institute of Science when he was studying the effect of thermal noise on a molecular junction. The junction comprised a single molecule between two electrodes, which were at different temperatures. He realized that in addition to thermal noise, there may also be a noise associated with the temperature difference.

New type of noise found lurking in nanoscale devices, Tim Wogan, Physics World

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Moon Moons...

Could Earth's moon have its own moon? Science says: in theory. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute

Topics: Astrophysics, Exoplanets, NASA, Planetary Science, Space Exploration

I couldn't compound the two words in the post title (as in the article) and keep a straight face. Although, someone will likely write fiction about double system moons (if they haven't already).

True to form, the Internet has endeavored to name an unnamed thing, and the results are hilarious. From the people who brought you Boaty McBoatface— the Arctic research drone that has already returned some very interesting discoveries from the world's coldest abysses — here come moonmoons: moons that orbit other moons.

Moonmoons — also known online as submoons, moonitos, grandmoons, moonettes and moooons — may not exist in our solar system or any other. However, according to a pair of astronomers writing in the preprint journal arXiv.org earlier this week, the concept of a moon hosting its own mini-moon is, at least, plausible.

Abstract
Each of the giant planets within the Solar System has large moons but none of these moons have their own moons (which we call submoons). By analogy with studies of moons around short-period exoplanets, we investigate the dynamical stability of submoons. We find that 10 km-scale submoons can only survive around large (1000 km-scale) moons on wide-separation orbits. Tidal dissipation destabilizes the orbits of submoons around moons that are small or too close to their host planet; this is the case for most of the Solar System’s moons. A handful of known moons are, however, capable of hosting long-lived submoons: Saturn’s moons Titan and Iapetus, Jupiter’s moon Callisto, and Earth’s Moon. Based on its inferred mass and orbital separation, the newly-discovered exomoon candidate Kepler-1625b-I can, in principle, host submoons, although its large orbital inclination may pose a difficulty for dynamical stability. The existence, or lack thereof, of submoons, may yield important constraints on satellite formation and evolution in planetary systems.

Moonmoons (Moons That Orbit Other Moons) Could Exist, Scientists Say

Brandon Specktor, Live Science

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Accounting Dark Matter...

Fade to black: a type 1a supernova remnant as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. (Courtesy: NASA)

Topics: Astrophysics, Black Holes, Cosmology, Dark Matter

Primordial black holes do not account for all dark matter, according to new research by Miguel Zumalacárregui and Uroš Seljak at the University of California, Berkeley. The duo has made the best measurement yet of the abundance of black holes in the cosmos by measuring the gravitational lensing of light from type 1a supernovae. Their study puts an upper limit of 40% on how much dark matter can be accounted for by primordial black holes.

For decades, physicists have grappled with growing evidence that the formation and dynamics of galaxies and larger structures in the universe are governed by gravitational forces from unseen dark matter. While the mysterious substance appears to account for about 85% of all matter in the universe, dark-matter particles have yet to detected directly.

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) remains unknown despite very precise knowledge of its abundance in the Universe. An alternative to new elementary particles postulates DM as made of macroscopic compact halo objects (MACHO) such as black holes formed in the very early Universe. Stellar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) are subject to less robust constraints than other mass ranges and might be connected to gravitational-wave signals detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). New methods are therefore necessary to constrain the viability of compact objects as a DM candidate. Here we report bounds on the abundance of compact objects from gravitational lensing of type Ia supernovae (SNe). Current SNe data sets constrain compact objects to represent less than 35.2% (Joint Lightcurve Analysis) and 37.2% (Union 2.1) of the total matter content in the Universe, at 95% confidence level. The results are valid for masses larger than ∼ 0.01 M (solar masses), limited by the size SNe relative to the lens Einstein radius. We demonstrate the mass range of the constraints by computing magnification probabilities for realistic SNe sizes and different values of the PBH mass. Our bounds are sensitive to the total abundance of compact objects with M ≳ 0.01 M and complementary to other observational tests. These results are robust against cosmological parameters, outlier rejection, correlated noise, and selection bias. PBHs and other MACHOs are therefore ruled out as the dominant form of DM for objects associated to LIGO gravitational wave detections. These bounds constrain early-Universe models that predict stellar-mass PBH production and strengthen the case for lighter forms of DM, including new elementary particles.

Supernovae reveal that primordial black holes cannot account for all dark matter

Sam Jarman, Physics World

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Catastrophe 2040...

Harry Taylor, 6, played with the bones of dead livestock on his family’s farm in New South Wales, Australia, an area that has faced severe drought. Credit: Brook Mitchell/Getty Images

Topics: Climate Change, Ecology, Economy, Global Warming, Politics

1.5 degrees Celsius

INCHEON, South Korea — A landmark report from the United Nations’ scientific panel on climate change paints a far more dire picture of the immediate consequences of climate change than previously thought and says that avoiding the damage requires transforming the world economy at a speed and scale that has “no documented historic precedent.”

The report, issued on Monday by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of scientists convened by the United Nations to guide world leaders, describes a world of worsening food shortages and wildfires, and a mass die-off of coral reefs as soon as 2040 — a period well within the lifetime of much of the global population.

The report “is quite a shock, and quite concerning,” said Bill Hare, an author of previous I.P.C.C. reports and a physicist with Climate Analytics, a nonprofit organization. “We were not aware of this just a few years ago.” The report was the first to be commissioned by world leaders under the Paris agreement, the 2015 pact by nations to fight global warming.

The authors found that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at the current rate, the atmosphere will warm up by as much as 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) above preindustrial levels by 2040, inundating coastlines and intensifying droughts and poverty. Previous work had focused on estimating the damage if average temperatures were to rise by a larger number, 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), because that was the threshold scientists previously considered for the most severe effects of climate change.

The new report, however, shows that many of those effects will come much sooner, at the 2.7-degree mark.

Major Climate Report Describes a Strong Risk of Crisis as Early as 2040

Coral Davenport, NY Times

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DC's answer to the film 'Black Panther' should be 'Icon'!  Starring Denzel Washington as Augustus Freeman and either Zendaya or Amandla Stenberg as Rocket,  'Icon' is the story of how an alien crash lands in a cotton field in 1839 and adopts the appearance of the first person that comes into contact with it being a slave woman.  He lives through American history leaving behind a legacy as his next begotten's namesake arriving in the present day as August Freeman IV.  Convinced of his otherworldly abilities to better his race by a teenager name Rocket,  Augustus Freeman becomes the superhero 'Icon'. 

 

The illustration is of an actor named John Garrett.

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Product Review Updates #5

Occasionally, I will alert fellow members to product updates by creators I have reviewed in the past year or so.

  • Is'nana The Were-Spider has released Vol 2! It should be Vol 3 but who's keeping score? You can get it at Peepgamecomix here.
  • The Isabelle Brothers (of Messiah Wars) have a new movie out called The Last Disciples. Dunno if it's related to any of their other projects, but you can find out for free on their site.
  • Steve Bellinger (of Chronocar) has another book coming out this year. He better hurry because we're running out of 2018. It's called Edge of Perception. You can learn more about it here.
  • Alex Fernandez has released episode 6 of Body Jumpers Ressurection. I hope he brought back Bowlegged Lou. There are links on the group Facebook page. 

That's all I could find this month. Feel free to piggyback onto this post if a reviewed creator has posted an update in the past 5 months. Or if you're a creator I've reviewed, mention your newest work!

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After Effects...

Rescue personnel evacuate residents as flooding continues in the aftermath of Hurricane Florence in Spring Lake, N.C., Monday, Sept. 17, 2018. AP Photo/David Goldman

Topics: Climate Change, Global Warming, Politics, Research

We're not over it, not by a long shot. This will, even to the callous capitalists, be un-affordable and unsustainable

As Hurricane Florence’s wrath along the Carolina coast concludes, things for thousands of North and South Carolina families will never be the same. Heavy downpours from the Category 4 storm, which was downgraded to a Category 2 when it hit landfall, brought flash flooding from the coastal plain last Thursday all the way to the Triad by late Sunday night. Winds in some parts of Guilford County reached upwards of 30 mph, with Guilford County receiving a total of up to 24 inches of rain.

Although Florence had been downgraded to a Tropical Depression by the time it reached Guilford County, the area experienced flash flooding, while other parts of the state experienced extreme flooding that will likely last several weeks. Duke Energy reported 1.4 million total power outages in the Carolinas. There have been at least 37 storm-related deaths reported – 27 in North Carolina, eight in South Carolina and two in Virginia. Preliminary numbers from government officials estimate the storm left behind $2.5 billion in damages to the state of North Carolina. The storm also kept Eastern North Carolina synagogues closed on September 19, the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur.

In Greensboro, a section of Lake Brandt Road is still closed while crews repair a sinkhole that formed in the pavement under a bridge due to heavy rain flow. City officials also reported that 63,000 gallons of untreated wastewater in Greensboro leaked from Buffalo Creek and the Cape Fear River basin for four hours before it was detected. [1]

*****

When Hurricane Florence thundered ashore, it came crashing down on Duke Energy’s coal ash disposal site and cajoled loose some 2,000 cubic yards of the mucky material. Duke, which is closing all of its coal ash sites by 2029, has been through this before. What has the industry learned?

Coal ash is disposed of either as a liquid that goes into large surface impoundments or as a solid that is placed into landfills. But now the industry is in the process of converting it to dry ash and burying it in places with liners while also monitoring the ground water.

“Once the damage is assessed,” says the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, “DEQ will determine the best path forward and hold the utility accountable for implementing the solution that ensures the protection of public health and the environment.” [2]

*****

Millions of chickens have died and waste from pigs and coal ash has leaked into floodwaters in North Carolina as authorities work to control environmental threats and stop the spread of any contamination.

But continued high water is keeping state and federal officials from knowing the full extent of the problem.

Officials are most concerned that the coal-burning byproducts, animal waste, and even untreated human sewage in floodwaters could contaminate sources of drinking water. The Environmental Protection Agency said Monday that at least 23 public and private drinking water systems in North Carolina were not supplying water and that 21 others were operating with restrictions like a boil water advisory.

Reggie Cheatham, director of the EPA's Office of Emergency Management, said Monday that some sewage has been released into the floodwaters through sewer system manholes and, in one case, a power failure at a water treatment plant. Cheatham told reporters some of the untreated sewage had been released into the Neuse and Cape Fear rivers. [3]

1. Hurricane Florence Aftermath, Yasmine Regester, Carolina Peacemaker online

2. Hurricane Florence Brings The Issue Of Coal Ash Back To The Surface, Ken Silverstein, Forbes

3. Concern continues about overflowed animal waste pits, coal ash in Florence flooding, Stephanie Ebbs, ABC News

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The Sons of Perdition...

#PrettyMuch

Topics: Civics, Civil Rights, Diversity, Human Rights, Politics

"While I was with them, I protected them and kept them safe by that name you gave me. None has been lost except the one doomed to destruction (or, son of perdition - KJV) so that Scripture would be fulfilled." John 17:12 NIV

"Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God's temple, proclaiming himself to be God." 2 Thessalonian 2:3, 4 NIV

I will be off blog studying for midterms next week.

I am admittedly trolling...

This is the basis for "doomsday preppers" and conspiracy theorists positing positions on "the New World Order" and Davos globalist (an anti-semitic term). It sold a lot of books, like "Christ Returns in 1988: 101 Reasons Why" (newsflash). These are the lines televangelists used to raise ungodly amounts of "seed money" from desperate people that are doing the enlarged equivalent of throwing a coin in a fountain; the visible fruit being mansions, suits, limos and leer jets. It bled into the deification of market forces in a Janus, Faustian merger of libertarianism and prosperity gospel. Co-opting God, the party previously of "family values" voted for the p---y grabber without batting an eye. For the Right/Reich Neo-Fascists that bear no relation to the progenitor of their "faith," these scriptures do not give them pause, since they never believed them in the first place.

These were their Emperor's Klan bedsheets since the legitimization of domestic terrorism cum white supremacy. It was easier to hide them in "abstract" Lee Atwater language, coded phrases: "dog whistles" either with shouted lies from literally a bully pulpit, or tweeting like a loon from the loo. The orange one used the word acquisitions versus the correct accusations in reference to his Supreme Court nominee. When I called him on it, he deleted the tweet. Orange genius has no sense of cache memory...probably thinks it's "fake news."

We are post the spectacle of a kangaroo court where evidently, eleven white men's ball sacks shriveled as they whined in the shadows of the senate, hiring a "female assistant" from Maricopa County, Arizona to ask the tough questions so they wouldn't look like they're as unfair as many were to Professor Anita Hill a generation ago. This is SUPPOSED to be a part of their constitutional duties to "advise and consent" a Supreme Court nominee. If they wanted safety, they should have stayed out of politics and frankly, stayed at home. They sidelined  her when she tried to do the job she was hired for to Kavenaugh - prosecuting sex crimes, whom I will now and forever refer to as the screaming lunatic, conspiracy theorist judge and raging misogynist. Lindsey Graham mimicked him perfectly.

What used to be called "norms" have been eroding for some time. It was during the over year-long delay to even hear Merrick Garland, Mitch McConnell's proudest moment. It precedes the orange dolt by years, if not decades. Clarence Thomas invoked "high-tech lynching," playing his one and only race card after a life of black republicanism disdaining the advances made by Civil Rights and Affirmative Action that even made his ascension possible. As most republican appointees we've seen recently, his mission to the EEOC appeared to be wreck it or at least hobble its primary function, anathema to most conservatives. As 53% of white women consciously and deliberately voted for an admitted sexual assaulter, there are African Americans that consciously go along with, and support white supremacy. So, it's not at all surprising that conservative women not only support Kavenaugh, but are willing to make excuses they would not make to their own daughters...or, they just might.

These old, ossified buffoons and their caricature of a wise-guy mobster are not republicans. That is just a label of their tribal cult. They are impervious to facts, as debates about adequate sexual education as the most effective means of reducing teenage unwanted pregnancy; climate change and the pursuit of alternative energy resources, the age of the earth, evolution, scientific literacy jettisoned. The hearing's limits were - to agree with the screaming, crying, pompous banshee trying to lie his way on the Supreme Court - an orchestrated farce!

Federal Republic: A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.

Republic: A republic (Latin: res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited. It is a form of government under which the head of state is not a monarch.

You cannot be a federal republic with the shameful display by twelve misogynists (11 senators and one asshole, crying judge) without norms, rationality, reality and an agreement on what is truth!

"While I was with them, I protected them and kept them safe by that name you gave me. None has been lost except the one doomed to destruction (or, son of perdition - KJV) so that Scripture would be fulfilled." John 17:12 NIV

The sons of perdition will not go to destruction alone. With Putin and his lackey's help, so will our republic and likely...the world.
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BLACK PANTHER'S QUEST

Last week, the show I'm the head writer of premiered on DISNEY XD. If you missed the first episode, here it is, in its entirety.

Episode 3 drops this Sunday. This is not a series you can check and out of and expect to keep up. You need to watch every ep. Hope you will. Come on down.

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Fiber Optics Pioneer Passes...

Image Source: Link below

Topics: Diversity, Diversity in Science, History, Internet, Nobel Prize, Optics

Charles Kao, the electrical engineer who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physics with Willard Boyle and George Smith, has died in Hong Kong aged 84. Kao was awarded half of the 2009 prize “for ground-breaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibres for optical communication.”

Kao was born on 4 November 1933 in Shanghai, China. He studied electrical engineering at Woolwich Polytechnic (now the University of Greenwich) and received his PhD in electrical engineering from University College London in 1965 under the supervision of Harold Barlow. While pursuing his PhD, he was employed by Standard Telephones and Cables (STC) at the firm’s Standard Telecommunication Laboratories (STL) in Harlow, UK.

While working at STL in 1966, Kao realized that optical fibres made from high-purity glass could be used to transmit light signals over long distances. A few years later, he showed that fibres made of fused silica had the required purity and could also be easily manufactured. This was a crucial step towards the development of fibre-optical telecoms networks, which provide the backbone to the Internet.

Optical telecoms pioneer and Nobel laureate Charles Kao dies at 84

Hamish Johnston, Physics World

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