Reginald L. Goodwin's Posts (3119)

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Cost Of Denial...


Hurricane Rita: estimated 4-5 billion.

Hurricane Irene: estimated 7-10 billion.

Hurricane Sandy: To Be Determined.

We have also arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. This is a prescription for disaster. We might get away with it for a while, but sooner or later this combustible mixture of ignorance and power is going to blow up in our faces.

Carl Sagan

We've received a lot of calls: my sister and best friend from NC; my mother-in-law; my oldest son and my daughter-in-law from Oklahoma and Texas respectively. I've answered more than my share of thoughtful and appreciated Facebook updates. We're OK.

 

My youngest son called at 3:15 EST, which prompted me to ask why he was UP (2:15 CST). The news disturbed him and he was concerned about his parents. A price he has already paid, and now I pay as his concerns kept me awake.

 

As I blog this, 7.1 million people are without power on the east coast, 2.2 million in New Jersey. An explosion and fire at ConEdison has left downtown Manhattan dark. Sixteen people have lost their lives. Schools are closed all over NY state. The NYU Medical Center is being evacuated after backup generators failed. The Metro Transit Authority is saying this is the worst disaster in the 108 year history of the New York City subway system. Seven tunnels are flooded and the New York Stock Exchange remains closed for a second day.


We must be cunning, discerning on our choice in one week of Head of State. I have my opinion and my vote already decided. It has not been decided by dogma, prejudice or melanin: I self-identify politically as a logician, a proud member of the reality-based community.

The Venn diagram intersecting set between prophecy and predictive modeling is both are warnings: given for the listeners to take heed and change their course of action before probable disaster becomes all the more real and credible.

However, denial of reality has an associated cost as I've listed above. We cannot long afford this cost. We cannot on the one hand want to compete toe-to-toe with countries that don't have our internal struggles, our inane politics, our sound bite attention spans; dogma and sloganeering, and expect in the end to be successful for very long. Empires after all, have lifespans.

Science, to further quote Carl Sagan "is a way of thinking," and so is believing the earth is 9,000 years old while holding a position in the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. One works towards a solution to real-world problems; the other an associated, ever-inflating cost.

 

Whatever your choice next Tuesday, we'll all live in the real aftermath (and price) of that choice.

 

"What's past is prologue." Tempest, Act 2, Scene I

 

Site: Ready.gov
The Nation John Nichols: Disaster Relief

 
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This Is What It Looks Like...

 

In Austin, Texas I witnessed the caravans from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Interstates 10 and 45 packed headed towards Austin and Dallas respectively.


Houston received the first wave of fleeing masses of humanity from Louisiana. Churches and shelters in the three cities put up cots and sleeping bags as fast as they could; clothing and canned foods were donated; homes opened. We were brothers, sisters, cousins, friends: suddenly any differences were rendered utterly meaningless: "Vanity of vanities" said Solomon. I became used to life in "tornado alley," and the Texas colloquial phrase of "hunkering down," but nothing like shelves emptied at the grocery stores; sudden influxes of students from 9th Ward NOLA.

Moving from Texas to New York last year, my wife and I experienced Hurricane Irene, which was described at the time a once-in-a-lifetime event as far as its power (hurricanes and tropical storms have affected NY before). Sandy has now proven that comforting logic wrong, coupling winds, flooding, rain, and possibly tornadoes and snowstorms. Last year, the one and only snowstorm happened on Halloween, downing powerlines made heavy by wet snow caught on autumn leaves and tree branches that snapped under the great unexpected weight, leaving families without lights; heat. We took in friends that lived in Hyde Park due to that: their children had an increased commute to school when it started again. In Irene's aftermath: Insect populations flourished that in times past should have passed on in seasonal death. Our power blinked in and out before it settled then, but I'm not so sure we'll be as lucky. I hope we are.

WE WILL HAVE TO DEAL WITH THIS: soberly using critial thinking skills, (which, as a nation we show ourselves remarkably bereft), not sound bites and slogans. We have lawyers as administrators of the republic: lawyers argue. Eight of the top nine government posts in China are held by engineers and scientists according to Forbes. Accordingly, they will move to economic prominence, no dominence in 2016, or at least by the 2020s. Narry a tax exempt creation museum on the Sino land mass.

Perhaps it's too late to solve it, and the carbon producers can revel in their profits merrily, having obfuscated truth and fact in our elected officials on science committees; literally running out the clock until...we are here.

 

And, great wealth only matters: when you have a functional planet to spend it on.


Site: Climate Change Refugees

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Alcubierre Drive...



"… [it] is shown how, within the framework of general relativity and without the introduction of wormholes, it is possible to modify a spacetime in a way that allows a spaceship to travel with an arbitrarily large speed. By a purely local expansion of spacetime behind the spaceship and an opposite contraction in front of it, motion faster than the speed of light as seen by observers outside the disturbed region is possible. The resulting distortion is reminiscent of the ‘warp drive’ of science fiction." (Alcubierre paper abstract)

By placing a spheroid object between two regions of space-time — one expanding, the other contracting — Alcubierre theorized you could create a “warp bubble” that moves space-time around the object, effectively re-positioning it. In essence, you’d have the end result of faster-than-light travel without the object itself having to move (with respect to its local frame of reference) at light-speed or faster.

The only catch: Alcubierre says that, “just as happens with wormholes,” you’d need “exotic matter” (matter with “strange properties”) to distort space-time. And the amount of energy necessary to power that would be on par with — wait for it — the mass-energy of the planet Jupiter.

So we’re back to “fuhgeddaboudit,” right?


Maybe not. According to NASA physicist Harold White, the energy problem may actually be surmountable by simply tweaking the warp drive’s geometry.

 

White, who just shared his latest ideas at the 100 Year Starship 2012 Public Symposium, says that if you adjust the shape of the ring surrounding the object, from something that looks like a flat halo into something thicker and curvier, you could power Alcubierre’s warp drive with a mass roughly the size of NASA’s Voyager 1 probe.

 

In other words: reduction in energy requirements from a planet with a mass equivalent to over 300 Earths, down to an object that weighs just under 1,600 pounds.

 

Time Tech: NASA Actually Working on Faster-than-Light Warp Drive

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Post CMOS...

One nanoelectronics approach studied by the NRI MIND center is nanomagnet logic (NML)--logic circuits that work by magnetic coupling between neighboring nanoscale magnets. Here, SEM (l) and magnetic force microscope (r) images show an NML circuit that adds binary numbers.
Credit: Courtesy SRC-NRI Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced today the selection of the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI), a collaboration of several key firms in the semiconductor industry, to support university-centered research for the development of after-the-next-generation “nanoelectronics” technology. NRI is made up of participants from the semiconductor industry, including GLOBALFOUNDRIES, IBM, Intel, Micron Technology and Texas Instruments.

 

“The NRI is a model for industry-driven consortia,” said NIST Director Patrick Gallagher. “It funds a highly leveraged, coordinated nanoelectronics research program centered at leading universities in partnership with federal and state government agencies. The innovation stemming from this NIST award will enable the United States to keep our current leadership in nanoelectronics that stimulates the economy and creates high-paying jobs.”

 

NIST: NRI to Lead New Five-Year Effort to Develop Post-CMOS Electronics

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Slip-Sliding Away...


If you ease up on a pencil, does it slide more easily? Sure. But maybe not if the tip is sharpened down to nanoscale dimensions. A team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has discovered that if graphite (the material in pencil "lead") is sticky enough, as measured by a nanoscale probe, it actually becomes harder to slide a tip across the material's surface as you decrease pressure—the exact opposite of our everyday experience.

 

Technically, this leads to an effectively "negative coefficient of friction," something that has not been previously seen, according to team leader Rachel Cannara. Graphite, Cannara explains, is one of a special class of solids called "lamellar" materials, which are formed from stacks of two-dimensional sheets of atoms. The sheets are graphene, a single-atom-thick plane of carbon atoms that are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Graphene has a number of exotic electrical and material properties that make it attractive for micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems with applications ranging from gas sensors and accelerometers to resonators and optical switches.

 

NIST:
Slip Sliding Our Way: At the Nanoscale, Graphite Can Turn Friction Upside Down

Had to. SmileyIt's Friday to boot:

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Boldly Go...

Image from site

Roddenberry unwittingly unleashed a phenomenon in which Star Trek enthusiasts became a veritable cult, numbering physicists, aerospace engineers, housewives, senators, children, teachers and intellectuals among its devotees (affectionately known as "Trekkies," and later, "Trekkers"). The show went outside television to win science fiction's coveted Hugo Award and then spawned an animated spin-off, as well as a series of feature films.

 

While making Star Trek, Roddenberry's reputation as a futurist began to grow. His papers and lectures earned him high professional regard as a visionary. He spoke on the subject at NASA meetings, the Smithsonian Institution, Library of Congress gatherings, and top universities.

 

Star Trek was so wildly popular that it has since become the first television series to have an episode preserved in the Smithsonian, where an 11-foot model of the U.S.S. Enterprise is also exhibited on the same floor as the Wright brother's original airplane and Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis." In addition to the Smithsonian honors, NASA's first space shuttle was named Enterprise, in response to hundreds of thousands of letters from fans demanding that the shuttle be named after the beloved starship.

 

Site: Gene Roddenberry bio

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Contradiction In Terms...


Contradiction in terms - (noun: logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement `he is brave and he is not brave' is a contradiction." *

A post to confirm I'm not the only one saying this...Smiley

 

In general, we only become aware of a politician's position on scientific issues during the campaign season. And, with a few exceptions like energy and climate policy, they rarely become campaign issues for anyone other than presidential candidates. So for the most part, it's rare to have a good picture of what our elected representatives think about science and technology.

 

If only that were true this year.

 

Missouri's Todd Akin, a Representative running for Senator, made headlines through his bizarre misunderstanding of biology, specifically that of the female reproductive system. Overcome by his desire to believe that pregnancy (and thus abortion) shouldn't be an issue for rape victims, he infamously claimed that the female body could somehow block pregnancy in the case of "legitimate rape."


Aside from their political affiliations, what do Akin and Broun have in common? Membership on the House's Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. And they're in good company there. Take the Committee's chair, Texas' Ralph Hall. When asked about the evidence that humans were altering the climate, Hall replied, "I don't think we can control what God controls." When it was pointed out to him that the National Academies of Science disagreed with his position, Hall basically accused them of being in it for the money. "They each get $5,000 for every report like that they give out."

 

His evidence? "That's just my guess. I don't have any proof of that." *

 

These are the people who are helping to set our country's science policy. The committee is currently considering bills on nuclear energy, rare earth metals, biofuels, cybersecurity, and a response to the current drought. It's also responsible for the budgets of groups like NASA and the National Science Foundation. Recent hearings have focused on tech transfers from universities, as well as NASA's commercial crew efforts.

In short, the committee can play a key role in setting the science and technology agenda, and help inform the entire House about key technological issues.

 

Ars Technica: Editorial: Meet a science committee that doesn't get science

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Missing In Action...

TeachtheFacts.org

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN: It is hard to know exactly when it became acceptable for U.S. politicians to be antiscience. For some two centuries science was a preeminent force in American politics, and scientific innovation has been the leading driver of U.S. economic growth since World War II. Kids in the 1960s gathered in school cafeterias to watch moon launches and landings on televisions wheeled in on carts. Breakthroughs in the 1970s and 1980s sparked the computer revolution and a new information economy. Advances in biology, based on evolutionary theory, created the biotech industry. New research in genetics is poised to transform the understanding of disease and the practice of medicine, agriculture and other fields.

 

The Founding Fathers were science enthusiasts. Thomas Jefferson, a lawyer and scientist, built the primary justification for the nation's independence on the thinking of Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon and John Locke—the creators of physics, inductive reasoning and empiricism. He called them his “trinity of three greatest men.” If anyone can discover the truth by using reason and science, Jefferson reasoned, then no one is naturally closer to the truth than anyone else. Consequently, those in positions of authority do not have the right to impose their beliefs on other people. The people themselves retain this inalienable right. Based on this foundation of science—of knowledge gained by systematic study and testing instead of by the assertions of ideology—the argument for a new, democratic form of government was self-evident.


I was one of those kids in the 1960s. To much credit, I still am "in spirit" (no longer chronologically). As I read this article, two quotes come to mind from Isaac Asimov:

“The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.”

“Anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that 'my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge.'

"What [indeed] is the matter with Kansas?"

We went from a nation of science enthusiasts hopeful for a bright future, to a neurotic herd anticipating (some gladly) the apocalypse. A generation later in the 21st Century, kids that love STEM are still nerds and outcasts. I hear the loudest, shrillest voices saying the most inane things about women's reproductive issues and pregnancy, a bubblegum so-called understanding of "scientific knowledge," evolution, the age of the earth and the universe, climate change, social issues. Debates are won not on facts, but "style points" like American Idol despite numerous fact-checked obfuscations. The President of the United States started his administration wanting to address school children, encouraging them to study and work hard for a successful school year - not a novel notion at all as history bears witness - yet we allowed whole school districts to ignore the message entirely, offer excuses for children to skip the speech in the lunchroom. Some called it "a socialist agenda."

"Magical thinking" rules the day when we cannot see the precipitous drop in of our once preeminence in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics and our own behaviors antithetical to its achievement.
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FuelCell Energy...

CARBON CAPTURE: Fuel cell technology might be able to capture a power plant's carbon dioxide emissions while also generating more electricity. Image: Flickr/glasseyes view - back again

Armed with new Department of Energy money, a Connecticut company announced this week it is moving forward with a carbon capture project that it thinks could revolutionize the technology.

 

FuelCell Energyis one of a handful of companies investigating how to address one of the biggest barriers in trying to capture carbon dioxide from coal plants for later storage underground, an unproved concept. The problem is called parasitic load. It refers to the phenomenon that a typical carbon capture system requires a great deal of electricity and thus saps power from a power plant and can cause electricity costs to spike by 70 percent or more.

 

The Danbury company's potential solution for this problem is fuel cells. The company says that fuel cells have the potential to essentially reverse parasitic load and cause a carbon capture system to generate as much as 40 percent more electricity for a power plant, rather than take away power.

 

Scientific American: Fuel Cell Technology Could Help Cut CO2 Pollution

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NEMS...

Credit: Institute of High Performance Computing

Case Western Reserve University researchers have won a $1.2 million grant to develop technology for mass-producing flexible electronic devices at a whole new level of small.

 

As they're devising new tools and techniques to make wires narrower than a particle of smoke, they're also creating ways to build them in flexible materials and package the electronics in waterproofing layers of durable plastics.

 

The team of engineers, who specialize in different fields, ultimately aims to build flexible electronics that bend with the realities of life: Health-monitoring sensors that can be worn on or under the skin and foldable electronic devices as thin as a sheet of plastic wrap. And, further down the road, implantable nerve-stimulating electrodes that enable patients to regain control from paralysis or master a prosthetic limb.

 

Thinking bigger, the team believes the technology could be used to crank out rolls of thin-film solar panels that stand up to decades in the elements. Current thin-film panels are plagued with short life spans due to seepage between layers.

 

Phys.org: Effort to mass-produce flexible nanoscale electronics

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Cyber Road Dog...



While it takes just a few keystrokes and mouse clicks to post a tweet on Twitter or "friend" someone on Facebook, it may require thousands of lines of code to accomplish the task.


Dog, a new programming language, could make it easier and more intuitive to write all sorts of social applications—anything from peer-to-peer question-and-answer sites to online dating. And because Dog incorporates natural language, this may make it easier for newbies to learn to code, too.


MIT Media Lab professor Sep Kamvar, who developed Dog with the help of some graduate students, hopes to release the language in a private beta version in the next few months, and offer a public release of it in the spring.

 

Technology Review: New Programming Language Makes Social Coding Easier

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Two Ways To Do It...

Scientific American

UNOBTAINIUM

The idea of a space elevator has set the heart of many engineers aflutter. But all eventually run into the same obstacle—the so-called unobtainium problem, or the need for a material that does not exist. A space elevator is a theoretical structure that reaches from the Earth's surface into space, balanced by its own mass and the outward centrifugal force from the spinning Earth. The physics is sweet—complicated enough to be interesting, simple enough to seem doable, and the space elevator’s intrigue has grown exponentially since Arthur C. Clarke gave it a fictional treatment in his 1979 novel The Fountains of Paradise.

The only material that could pull it off is from Carbon Nanotubes, which the article writer gives the derisive descriptor "akin to a pile of soot." As of yesterday, at least one egress has been accomplished.

 

Scientific American: Space Elevator Enthusiasts Push On

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Bullies and Citizens...


 

Children at Risk of Being Bullied

 

Generally, children who are bullied have one or more of the following risk factors:
 

  • Are perceived as different from their peers, such as being overweight or underweight, wearing glasses or different clothing, being new to a school, or being unable to afford what kids consider “cool”

  • Are perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves

  • Are depressed, anxious, or have low self esteem

  • Are less popular than others and have few friends

  • Do not get along well with others, seen as annoying or provoking, or antagonize others for attention

  • However, even if a child has these risk factors, it doesn’t mean that they will be bullied.
 

Nerd (Google): 1. A foolish or contemptible person who lacks social skills or is boringly studious: "one of those nerds who never asked a girl to dance". 2. An intelligent, single-minded expert in a particular technical discipline or profession. Synonyms: fool, booby, goof.

 

The very definitions - I noticed - might as well be bullying too.

 

Reminds me of being bullied for liking science:

 

"When you have an interest outside of sports, a talent for science, math, writing, thinking, literature, you know who 'Jacques Cousteau' is, and up on his weekly undersea show, you might get labeled: weird or “white boy.” Cute girls ignore you, your solace being books, tools, a microscope; a telescope and a junior chemistry set.

 

"Making some academic attainment, you end up in areas where you are “the one” or “the first” to arrive. That’s not entirely true, just that a concentration of members in the National Society of Black Physicists or National Society of Black Engineerstypically happens at conventions or local chapters; not companies. Getting on elevators illicit purses shifting; catching cabs proves difficult despite lacking any criminal record."

 

Sadly, I know bullying quite well from personal experience. I recall receiving a head butt in line in the 5th grade - I almost blacked out; being choked with a purple rubber hose in a ninth grade art class - I turned blue and my assailant laughed hysterically even as he was being escorted away by authorities. Both gentlemen (and I use that term loosely) thought their acts were "funny," and I the derided fool, booby; goof. Hence, my - and apparently a lot of nerds - attraction to and participation in martial arts.

 

I also see it played out in our incalcitrant governance and its inability to make reasoned, logical decisions. So much for The Enlightenment. We'd prefer apotheosized Founding Fathers, mythologized historical political figures, and the only thing they can agree on across the aisle: pay raises (for themselves).

 

Yet, as a nation we want to remain "number one" technologically. "Magic thinking" won't do it.

 

"What has happened is that in the last 20 years, America has changed from a producer to a consumer. And all consumers know that when the producer names the tune...the consumer has got to dance. That's the way it is. We used to be a producer – very inflexible at that, and now we are consumers and, finding it difficult to understand. Natural resources and minerals will change your world. The Arabs used to be in the 3rd World. They have bought the 2nd World and put a firm down payment on the 1st one. Controlling your resources will control your world."

B Movie, Gil Scott-Heron

 

It's concerning also we cannot see what damage -- individually and nationally -- bullyings' myriad forms are taking on us as a whole.

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Wonder Material...

Physics World

Researchers in the US have found yet another use for the "wonder material" graphene. Instead of exploiting the material's exceptional ability as an electrical conductor, the team has found a way to use graphene as an extremely thin "tunnel barrier" to conduction. The team says that this new application is particularly suited to developing spintronics – a relatively new technology that exploits the spin of an electron as well as its charge.



Graphene is a sheet of carbon just one atom thick and ever since the material was first isolated in 2004, researchers have been trying to create electronics devices that make use of its unique properties. Most of this effort has focused on how electrons flow in the plane of the sheet – which can behave both as a conductor and semiconductor. But now Berry Jonker and colleagues at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have shown that graphene can serve as an excellent tunnel barrier when current is directed perpendicular to the plane of carbon atoms. The spin polarization of the current is also preserved by the tunnel barrier, a finding that could have important implications for spintronics.

 

Physics World: Graphene tunnel barrier makes its debut

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