Reginald L. Goodwin's Posts (3028)

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Flexible Graphene...

Credit: Article schematic

A team led by Silvija Gradecak [MIT] has succeeded in growing ZnO nanowire arrays on graphene by modifying the surface of the carbon material with conducting polymer interlayers. The researchers synthesized ZnO seed layers on the interfacial polymer layers, which results in well ordered ZnO nanowire growth via a low-temperature hydrothermal process. "The polymer coating process, the ZnO seed layer deposition and hydrothermal ZnO nanowire growth are all possible in solution and under ambient conditions," explained Gradecak. "What is more, the interfacial conductive polymer coating allows for efficient charge transfer between the ZnO nanowires and graphene, so preserving the latter's unique electronic properties."

 

Nanotech web: Graphene optoelectronics goes flexible

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Perhaps Now...

Global Poverty Project dot com

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: Amid the crises and battles, both predictable and unforeseeable, that you will face over the next four years, one problem will stand out both for the economic and social dangers it poses and for the difficulty and cost of solving it. Whether you can develop a practical and sustainable strategy to address climate change—specifically, to begin lowering carbon dioxide emissions—will define the success of your new term as president. We do not make such a declaration lightly; we are keenly aware of the many other challenges you face. But the potential for global warming over the next decades threatens consequences so dire that they could overwhelm any progress you make toward other long-term economic, social, and political goals.

 

Altering the course of climate change is a task that will take decades. It will require innovative new technologies and overhauls of the world’s energy, agricultural, and transportation infrastructure. We don’t suggest that you can reverse the warming trend over the next four years, or even that you will be able to significantly decrease carbon dioxide emissions. But with the help of the world’s best economic, technical, and scientific minds, you can formulate a policy that will show the nation—and the world—how we can begin to make the changes necessary to ensure that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stabilizes at a safe level. Indeed, it is critical that you do so.

 

Telegraph

 

MIT Technology Review: Dear Mr. President: Time to Deal with Climate Change

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Of Mice and Men...

...sadly, the effects of cosmic rays are not superpowers and spandex tights:

Comic Book Movie dot com


For the future of manned spaceflight, we have yet another problem to solve...


Senior author of the study, Professor Kerry O'Banion from the University of Rochester Medical Centre (URMC) Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy said: 'Galactic cosmic radiation poses a significant threat to future astronauts.

'The possibility that radiation exposure in space may give rise to health problems such as cancer has long been recognised.



'However, this study shows for the first time that exposure to radiation levels equivalent to a mission to Mars could produce cognitive problems and speed up changes in the brain that are associated with Alzheimer's disease.'



Tests on mice with models of Alzheimer's showed that after they were exposed to various doses of radiation, including levels comparable to what astronauts would be experience during a mission to Mars, they were far more likely to fail these tasks - suggesting neurological impairment - earlier than these symptoms would typically appear.


The brains of the mice also showed signs of vascular alterations and a greater than normal accumulation the protein 'plaque' that accumulates in the brain and is one of the hallmarks of the disease.



'These findings clearly suggest that exposure to radiation in space has the potential to accelerate the development of Alzheimer's disease,' said Professor O'Banion.

 

Daily Mail:
Space travel under threat as scientists find cosmic radiation could cause Alzheimer's in astronauts

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Nerd Watch 2013...

 

  • Regina Dugan, former director of DARPA, now at Google overseeing advanced product and research for Motorola
  • Babak Parviz, nanotechology, founder of Google Glasses
  • Andreas Raptopoulos, Matternet
  • Gina Bianchini, Mitghybell, co-founder of Ning
  • Eddy Cue, Software and Internet services, Apple: responsible for iTunes and the App Store

The nerd...pays!



"You should be nice to nerds. In fact I'd go so far as to say if you don't already have a nerd in your life you should get one." Regina Dugan at TED


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The Danger of Created Realities...


Reality-based community is an informal term in the United States. In the fall of 2004, the phrase "proud member of the reality-based community" was first used to suggest the commentator's opinions are based more on observation than on faith, assumption, or ideology. The term has been defined as people who "believe that solutions emerge from judicious study of discernible reality." Some commentators have gone as far as to suggest that there is an overarching conflict in society between the reality-based community and the "faith-based community" as a whole. It can be seen as an example of political framing.


The source of the term is a quotation in an October 17, 2004, The New York Times Magazine article by writer Ron Suskind, quoting an unnamed aide to George W. Bush (later attributed to Karl Rove[1]):

The aide said that guys like me were "in what we call the reality-based community," which he defined as people who "believe that solutions emerge from your judicious study of discernible reality." ... "That's not the way the world really works anymore," he continued. "We're an empire now, and when we act, we create our own reality. And while you're studying that reality—judiciously, as you will—we'll act again, creating other new realities, which you can study too, and that's how things will sort out. We're history's actors…and you, all of you, will be left to just study what we do."[2] See Wikipedia

M. Schatzman, an American psychiatrist, has conducted extensive psychological experiments with a subject named Ruth. Ruth is perfectly sane but is apparently able to create vivid hallucinations at will. Neither the experimenters nor photographic film detect these apparitions, but they are very real to Ruth. See Scientific Frontiers, 1981

I have mentioned Neil Postman in the following posts (pun intended), here, here and here. "Amusing Ourselves to Death" is almost prophetic oxymoron (see links).

We have simplified reality: point-and-click downloads, "Google it" post Dewey Decimal System; so-called "reality TV" requiring the slimmest bit of conceptualization, hollow actors with no chop or skill,  no paid writers or imagination. We've made testing a pseudo-science of near telepathic proportions, training our youth not in exploration and curiosity  but prognostication (a, b, c, d or e: all of the above), despite the reality that Finland has "kicked our collective assets" educationally by NOT following this draconian model pushed by for-profit testing services, resulting in "reverse Robin Hood" of poor school districts that desperately need the help.

I sincerely wish I could ignore ignoramuses, yet they manage to get themselves elected to public office, serve on science committees and through the process of redistricting, leave themselves nearly impenetrable to replacement until 2022. Through the process of magical thinking, they convince themselves election results can be ignored, and their ideas and ideals are popular, and worth pursuing.

Thomas Jefferson, lawyer, scientist (and sadly, slave owner) based our form of government on Sir Isaac Newton (founder of Physics); Sir Francis Bacon (Inductive Reasoning) and Sir John Locke (Empiricism). He called them his "trinity of three greatest men."
Newton, Bacon, Locke from Biography.com

The danger of created realities is we begin to "believe our own press," and make things that are immutable pliable, and things pliable immutable. Thus, we now have an incumbency that does not have to "listen to reason," or science.
Rational actors like Bruce Bartlett and David Frum are largely silenced; and one party holds itself not to the Constitution, but to Grover Norquist and other pledges.

There are no Venn diagrams of intersecting ideas: only "us" versus "them," and "we the people" never win.

The danger of created realities is the empirical evidence of experience contradicting [for some] belief systems (and, that threat is made up as well as faith can be informed by science), the complete misunderstanding and misrepresentation of the words "theory" and "hypothesis"; that our thoughts are most certainly NOT things, that such pop/poop culture warping the understanding of quantum mechanics cum metaphysics is dangerous, and does not create a single job in this or any other nation.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident" (Abraham Lincoln). For some who rail against science and the Theory of Relativity, truth is pretty relative now. Without trial, jury or standard, anything can be claimed and posted to the Internet: "hits" don't mean facts.

This blog is open to critique: you can list it, and I'll post it (anonymous, misspelled or otherwise). I really don't have to agree with you, but I do sensor abusive insults and advertisements. That is how we all learn: that is what a rational, thinking species does.

The Lincoln-Douglas debates were much longer and far more detailed than our current 90-minute infomercial reality shows by comparison. Sorry for the rant, but this massive, national "dumb down" cannot continue and we resemble a democratic republic for very much longer.


For advances in science, for a functional democratic republic, we need both parties grounded firmly in reality.
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Russian Reboot...

Credit: Astroprof's Page

MOSCOW, Dec 27 (Reuters) - The country that oversaw the launch of the world's first artificial satellite hopes to regain some of its former glory with a big boost in space spending announced by Russia on Thursday after a series of failures.


Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved a plan to spend 2.1 trillion roubles ($68.71 billion) on developing Russia's space industry from 2013 to 2020, state-run RIA news agency reported.

"The programme will enable our country to effectively participate in forward-looking projects, such as the International Space Station (ISS), the study of the Moon, Mars and other celestial bodies in the solar system," Medvedev was quoted as saying.

Despite the launch by the former Soviet Union of Sputnik 1 in 1957, triggering the Cold War space race, Russia's space programme has suffered a series of humiliating setbacks in the past year.

These have mostly involved unmanned missions such as satellite launches, that industry veterans blame on a decade of crimped budgets and a brain drain.

Reuters: After setbacks, Russia boosts space spending

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Lightness of Being...


German material scientists from Kiel University and the Hamburg University of Technology have created the world’s lightest material, dubbed aerographite.

One cubic centimeter of aerographite weighs just 0.2 milligrams, which is four times lighter than the previous record holder, 5,000 times less dense than water, and six times lighter than air. Aerographite is so light that it is difficult to work with it in a normal lab. Any small movement in the lab can create winds that blow the material around.

Euro News Sci-Tech: Lighter-than-air material discovered

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Sesquicentennial...



A tradition began Dec. 31, 1862, as many black churches held Watch Night services, awaiting word that Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation would take effect amid a bloody Civil War. Later, congregations listened as the president's historic words were read aloud.

Last night (other than fiscal cliff theatrics) was the 150th anniversary, or sesquicentennial, of that tradition; today the same for the Emancipation Proclamation.

It formed the world George Washington Carver would enter a year later: From 1915 to 1923, Carver concentrated on researching and experimenting with new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, pecans, and other crops, as well as having his assistants research and compile existing uses. This work, and especially his speaking to a national conference of the Peanut Growers Association in 1920 and in testimony before Congress in 1921 to support passage of a tariff on imported peanuts, brought him wide publicity and increasing renown. In these years, he became one of the most well-known African Americans of his time. (Wikipedia)

It enabled Edward Alexander Bouchet to enter Yale in 1870, complete his dissertation in geometrical optics in 1876 becoming the first African American to earn a PhD in physics and the sixth American at that time to do so (see link at Edward's name).

There are many more that I could name, many names of note since. They exist because of an innate curiosity of the world around them, and an opportunity courageously presented; a freedom of simply being counted as part of humanity extended: to learn about it.

It was, and is, a world worth creating.

Hmm: ...my 1,013th posting for this blog, on 01/01/2013. Interesting.

National Society of Black Physicists:
NSBP Member Stephon Alexander Wins 2013 Edward Bouchet Award
NSBP Member Hakeem Oluseyi selected to be a TED Global 2012 Fellow

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Emancipation Proclamation anniversary: Watch Night ceremony held at National Archives
National Archives: The Emancipation Proclamation

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Once More...


I took a break yesterday, having an off-line life with family and friends here, here, here and here. Hence, I was too exhausted to blog.

I liked Tom Hiddleston in "Thor" and "The Avengers." Along with Henry V, these are works of fantasy. I'm sure this is how our leaders see themselves...

 

David H. Freedman wrote in Scientific American:

 

Financial-risk models got us in trouble before the 2008 crash, and they're almost sure to get us in trouble again

When it comes to assigning blame for the current economic doldrums, the quants who build the complicated mathematic financial risk models, and the traders who rely on them, deserve their share of the blame. [See “A Formula For Economic Calamity” in the November 2011 issue]. But what if there were a way to come up with simpler models that perfectly reflected reality? And what if we had perfect financial data to plug into them?

Incredibly, even under those utterly unrealizable conditions, we'd still get bad predictions from models.

The reason is that current methods used to “calibrate” models often render them inaccurate.

Model - Science Definition: A systematic description of an object or phenomenon that shares important characteristics with the object or phenomenon. Scientific models can be material, visual, mathematical, or computational and are often used in the construction of scientific theories. See also hypothesis, theory.

 

Models are a starting point, then they must bow to the unrelenting outcomes and consequences...of reality.

 

The educator in me challenges our congress to a simple test: the exit TAKS on social studies. Curious with your displayed acumen on governance what your scores would be.

 

Scientific American: Why Economic Models Are Always Wrong
Money Morning: Fiscal Cliff 2013

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Honor...

Here, the Edinburgh-based physicist stands in front of a portrait by artist Ken Currie

Physicist Peter Higgs, after whom the Higgs boson particle is named, has been recognised in the New Year Honours.



In the 1960s, Prof Higgs and other physicists proposed a mechanism to explain why the most basic building blocks of the Universe have mass.



The mechanism predicts the existence of a Higgs particle, the discovery of which was claimed this year at the Large Hadron Collider.



Prof Higgs has been made a Companion of Honour.



The recognition confers no title but is restricted to a select group of 65 for achievements in the arts, literature, music, science, politics, industry, or religion.



His discovery announced in July this year of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson immediately led to calls for the 83-year-old to be knighted.



He is now also considered to be a candidate for a Nobel prize, perhaps in conjunction with other physicists who reached similar conclusions at the same time.

BBC News: Peter Higgs: honour for physicist who proposed particle
By Paul Rincon
Science editor, BBC News website

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New PBS...


Ins and outs. In all four experiments, three photons run through an optical maze like this one.

Credit: J. B. Spring et al., Science (2012)

 

You've heard the hype a hundred times: Physicists hope to someday build a whiz-bang quantum computer that can solve problems that would overwhelm an ordinary computer. Now, four separate teams have taken a step toward achieving such "quantum speed-up" by demonstrating a simpler, more limited form of quantum computing that, if it can be improved, might soon give classical computers a run for their money. But don't get your hopes up for a full-fledged quantum computer. The gizmos may not be good for much beyond one particular calculation.


Even with the caveats, the challenge of quantum computing has proven so difficult that the new papers are gaining notice. "The question is, does this give you a first step to doing a hard calculation quantum mechanically, and it looks like it might," says Scott Aaronson, a theoretical computer scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge and an author on one of the papers.


Instead of flipping ordinary bits that can be set to either 0 or 1, a so-called universal quantum computer would manipulate quantum bits, or "qubits," that can be 0, 1, or, thanks to the weirdness of quantum mechanics, 0 and 1 at the same time. Crudely speaking, the quantum computer could crunch many numbers at once instead of doing them one at a time, as a "classical" computer must. So it could solve problems that would overwhelm a regular computer. For example, a full-fledged "universal" quantum computer could quickly factor huge numbers, an ability that could be used to break today's internet encryptions schemes.

 

Science: New Form of Quantum Computation Promises Showdown With Ordinary Computers

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Neuristor...

A cartoon showing spikes of activity traveling among neurons.

Computing hardware is composed of a series of binary switches; they're either on or off. The other piece of computational hardware we're familiar with, the brain, doesn't work anything like that. Rather than being on or off, individual neurons exhibit brief spikes of activity, and encode information in the pattern and timing of these spikes. The differences between the two have made it difficult to model neurons using computer hardware. In fact, the recent, successful generation of a flexible neural system required that each neuron be modeled separately in software in order to get the sort of spiking behavior real neurons display.

 

But researchers may have figured out a way to create a chip that spikes. The people at HP labs who have been working on memristors have figured out a combination of memristors and capacitors that can create a spiking output pattern. Although these spikes appear to be more regular than the ones produced by actual neurons, it might be possible to create versions that are a bit more variable than this one. And, more significantly, it should be possible to fabricate them in large numbers, possibly right on a silicon chip.

 

Ars Technica: Neuristor: Memristors used to create a neuron-like behavior

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Reliable Physics Prophesy...

Electricity can run between two superconductors even through electrically insulating barriers (yellow). Now researchers have found that a magnetic field (curved arrows) can switch the amount of heat that flows from a hot side (red) to a cold one (blue).

The strange world of quantum mechanics just got a little stranger with the discovery that a magnetic field can control the flow of heat from from one body to another. First predicted nearly 50 years ago, the effect might some day form the basis of a new generation of electronic devices that use heat rather than charge as the information carrier.


The research stems from the work of physicist Brian Josephson, who in 1962 predicted that electrons could 'tunnel' between two superconductors separated by a thin layer of insulator — a process forbidden in classical physics. The Josephson junction was subsequently built and used to make superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which are now sold commercially as ultra-sensitive magnetometers.


In the latest work, Francesco Giazotto and María José Martínez-Pérez at the NEST nanoscience institute in Pisa, Italy, measured the devices’ thermal behaviour — that is, how the electrons inside them transfer heat. The duo heated one end of a SQUID several micrometres long and monitored the temperature of an electrode connected to it. A SQUID consists of two y-shaped pieces of superconductor joined together to form a loop, but with two thin pieces of insulating material sandwiched in between (see figure); as the researchers varied the magnetic field passing through the loop, the amount of heat flowing through the device also changed. The effect was in line with a theory put forward by Kazumi Maki and Allan Griffin in 1965.

 

Nature: Magnetism flips heat flow

Validation of long-predicted quantum effect points the way to thermal electronics.
Edwin Cartlidge

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The Top Ten...


The Physics World award for the 2012 Breakthrough of the Year goes "to the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN for their joint discovery of a Higgs-like particle at the Large Hadron Collider". Nine other research initiatives are highly commended and cover topics ranging from energy harvesting to precision cosmology.



Of course, topping the list:
CERN discovers Higgs-like boson

 

Physics World: Physics World reveals its top 10 breakthroughs for 2012

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Black Hole Firewalls...

An illustration of a galaxy with a supermassive black hole shooting out jets of radio waves.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Alice and Bob, beloved characters of various thought experiments in quantum mechanics, are at a crossroads. The adventurous, rather reckless Alice jumps into a very large black hole, leaving a presumably forlorn Bob outside the event horizon — a black hole’s point of no return, beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape.

 


Conventionally, physicists have assumed that if the black hole is large enough, Alice won’t notice anything unusual as she crosses the horizon. In this scenario, colorfully dubbed “No Drama,” the gravitational forces won’t become extreme until she approaches a point inside the black hole called the singularity. There, the gravitational pull will be so much stronger on her feet than on her head that Alice will be “spaghettified.”

 


Now a new hypothesis is giving poor Alice even more drama than she bargained for. If this alternative is correct, as the unsuspecting Alice crosses the event horizon, she will encounter a massive wall of fire that will incinerate her on the spot. As unfair as this seems for Alice, the scenario would also mean that at least one of three cherished notions in theoretical physics must be wrong.

 

Scientific American: Black Hole Firewalls Confound Theoretical Physicists

If a new hypothesis about black hole firewalls proves correct, at least one of three cherished notions in theoretical physics must be wrong.

By Jennifer Ouellette and Simons Science News

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Tau Ceti...

...yet another reason to live and discover something close to 'warp drive' (OK, maybe a tenth light speed to begin with). A pick-me-up post, post the now-deflated Mayan apocalypse:



A sun-like star in our solar system's backyard may host five planets, including one perhaps capable of supporting life as we know it, a new study reports.

Astronomers have detected five possible alien planets circling the star Tau Ceti, which is less than 12 light-years from Earth — a mere stone's throw in the cosmic scheme of things. One of the new found worlds appears to orbit in Tau Ceti's habitable zone, a range of distances from a star where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface.

Space.com: Potentially Habitable Planet Detected Around Nearby Star


"Still Here": by Langston Hughes (and so are you)
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The Skinny...


I am NOT giving up! This destructive myth has gone too long.

 

The above embed is from the SETI institute: From the people listening for "little green men." If an invasion were forthcoming; if a rogue planet were bearing down on us (it would be visible by now), they'd be killing themselves to get to a microphone: it'd be the last Nobel Prize awarded for the most trans-formative news ever! If THESE guys are saying it's bunk; it's bunk!


Wikipedia says this is an incomplete list. Good Lord, it's 22 pages long! The sad part is, it's that long because after tomorrow, there are even MORE predictions. PT Barnum never said "there's a sucker born every minute" (his competitor did), but you get the idea.

Dude; madam: chill. Please do just: chill. Get a massage. Switch to herbal and decaf. WOO-SAH!

I do lean towards this one at the very bottom of the Wikipedia list: in 10100 years, we either won't be around, or evolved to enter another dimension. Either way, blogging will be moot, and you and I won't be here to witness whatever at that future time is the current form of electronic entertainment and information exchange 100 zero years hence.

That's as much soothsaying as I want to do!

Apocalypse has come to mean "disaster," yet the literal translation is "un-covering"; a "disclosure of knowledge"; "revealing." It is from that the last book of the Bible, "Revelation" takes its name.

 

It will be revealing what we'll all feel like tomorrow: I will be blogging, the earth will be spinning, and certain persons in bunkers will have a lot of beans, rice and MREs to contend with...and certain hucksters that have made a HUGE amount of money on this fraud will fall silent as they book their flights to Bahamian shores...until tomorrow, I'll be:


Smiley

 

USA Today: Maya 'end of world' is a mistranslation, Dan Vergano

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Bionic Woman...

Unrivaled control of a robotic arm has been achieved using a paralyzed woman's thoughts, a US study says.

Jan Scheuermann, who is 53 and paralyzed from the neck down, was able to deftly grasp and move a variety of objects just like a normal arm.

Brain implants were used to control the robotic arm, in the study reported in the Lancet medical journal.
 

Experts in the field said it was an "unprecedented performance" and a "remarkable achievement".

Jan was diagnosed with spinocerebellar degeneration 13 years ago and progressively lost control of her body. She is now unable to move her arms or legs.

BBC News: Paralyzed woman's thoughts control robotic arm

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