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Automaton...

Abby Kallas, Steampunk on Pinterest

"The underlying insecurity the resulting from the position of an isolated individual in a hostile world tends to explain the genesis of a character trait which was, as Burckhardt has pointed out (op. cit., p. 139), characteristic of the individual of the Renaissance and not the present, at least in the same intensity, in the members of the medieval social structure: his passionate craving for fame ... if one's name is known to one's contemporaries and if one can hope that it will last for Centuries, then one's life has meaning and significance by this very reflection of it in the judgment of others. " Escape From Freedom, III Freedom in the Age of the Reformation, Eric Fromm

"The love for the powerful and the hatred for the powerless the which is so typical of the sadomasochistic character Explains a great deal of Hitler's and his followers' political actions. While the Republican government thought they could 'appease' the Nazis by treating them leniently, they not only failed to appease them but Reviews their hatred aroused by the very lack of power and firmness they Showed. Hitler hated the Weimar Republic Because It was weak and he admired the industrial and military leaders Because they had the power. He never Fought against strong power groups but always against the which he thought Essentially powerless. " Escape From Freedom, VI Psychology of Nazism

"It has been the thesis of this book that freedom has a Twofold meaning for modern man: that he has been freed from traditional authorities and has Become an 'individual,' but at the same time he has Become isolated, powerless, and an instrument of purposes outside of himself, alienated from himself and others ; furthermore, that this state undermines his self, weakens and frightens him, and makes him ready for submission to new kinds of bondage.

"The cultural and political crisis of our day is not due to the fact that there is too much individualism but that what we believe to be individualism has Become an empty shell. The victory of freedom is possible only if democracy develops into a society in the which the individual, his growth and happiness, is the aim and purpose of culture, in the which life does not need any justification in success or anything else, and in the which the individual is not subordinated or manipulated by any power outside of himself, be it the State or the economic machine; finally, a society in the which his conscience and ideals are not the Internalization of external demands, but are really his and express the aims that result from the peculiarity of his self. " Escape From Freedom, Freedom and Democracy VII - Freedom and Spontaneity

Obviously, I admire all things Eric Fromm.

What is prescient in his prose is the same angst that we're experiencing now, a gnawing, visceral fear that grips us as a society, cultivated opportunistically by those who wish to have or remain in power.

When Fromm wrote Escape From Freedom, the prevalent technology for global connectivity that had been invented by Marconi: the radio. We had the newspaper, telegraph and moving pictures (black and white). We also, then and now, had the nuclear bomb. Add to that global warming, and we - the "intelligent" species on the planet - have the means of wiping out all life on the Earth. We avoid Reviews those  MAD meditations with Facebook and Twitter updates.

As I relayed on a post Earlier this summer :
1979:
150 corporations control television (ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, UHF); radio and print media.

2014:
6 corporations : GE, News-Corp, Disney, Viacom, Time Warner, CBS television control (more stations than I can list), radio, print media and the Internet and social media. That is a 25X reduction if you wanted the math.

As the link above in the 2014 paragraph illustrates, we're given the illusion of choice - MSNBC for the left; FOX for the right 'CNN for the middle; the rest in a trance-like somnambulism via Net Flicks, cable channels and repetitive "reality TV." We're being shepherded as cattle or sheep; programmed with junk science like intelligent design ; kept ignorant so we do not know the questions we should be demanding our so-called leaders to have mastery over significant . The useful, feckless dodge the "I am not a scientist," has never been to memory Followed up with "Also you are not a Theologian "  by anyone in the six-headed hydra medium.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says we should phase out fossil fuels by the year 2100, never mind the old fossils in charge of fossil fuel consumption (nor anyone reading this post, Including me) will not be around when that phase out Occurs. Neither Also, Might not be the human species. Interstellar is a word and a movie ; and warp drive is a special effect to get astronauts from one place to another quickly intervening that we're researching , but not necessarily going to get to yell "engage!"

The Ebola faux scandal is reminiscent of racial dog whistle politics ... because it still is. "The CDC estimates that from the 1976-1977 season to the 2006-2007 flu season, flu-associated deaths ranged from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people . " Yet, no alarms hit to alert us to this crisis of influenza. ONE person, Dr. Craig Spencer - is currently in New York affected. Nurses Nina Pham and Amber Ebola Vinson are free. The borders of Sierra Leon and Mexico are being morphed together as one - though Thousands of Miles and an ocean apart - to the low information voters want to fear that all brown people as the nation slowly, inexorably moves towards that complexion. Because maybe, fear is what we all want to feel. Fear is a very powerful human emotion, and quite useful to the powerful.

"Timendi causa est nescire - Ignorance is the cause of fear." - Seneca, Natural Questions

Automaton

1: a mechanism that is are relatively self-operating; especially: the robot


2: a machine or control mechanism designed to follow automatically a predetermined sequence of operations or respond to encoded instructions


3: an individual WHO acts in a mechanical fashion Meridian-Webster

Ultimately We fear becoming what we already are: the bewildered by the Bamboozle artists; the herded by the powerful - psychologically predictable; manipulated by Creel commission advertisements; simultaneously ingesting the manufactured fear of being replaced by the unfeeling, mechanical things and yet becoming the same, not knowing atomized; ignorant; social media connected, yet separate; apart: we've already lost.

[Smokey James] "They'll do anything to keep you on their line. They pit the lifers against the new boys, the old against the young, the black against the white - ANYTHING." Yaphet Kotto in the movie "Blue Collar" (1978)

"It is the power of the mind to be unconquerable." - Seneca, The Stoic Philosophy of Seneca: Essays and Letters

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Strategies for Containing Ebola...



ABSTRACT

The ongoing Ebola outbreak poses an alarming risk to the countries of West Africa and beyond. To assess the effectiveness of containment strategies, we developed a stochastic model of Ebola transmission between and within the general community, hospitals, and funerals, calibrated to incidence data from Liberia. We find that a combined approach of case isolation, contact tracing with quarantine and sanitary funeral practices must be implemented with utmost urgency in order to reverse the growth of the outbreak. Under status quo intervention, our projections indicate that the Ebola outbreak will continue to spread, generating a predicted 224 (95% CI: 134 – 358) cases daily in Liberia alone by December, highlighting the need for swift application of multifaceted control interventions.



Science:
EBOLA EPIDEMIOLOGY
Strategies for containing Ebola in West Africa
Abhishek Pandey1,*, Katherine E. Atkins1,*, Jan Medlock2, Natasha Wenzel1, Jeffrey P. Townsend3, James E. Childs4, Tolbert G. Nyenswah5, Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah1, Alison P. Galvani1,4,†

Tomorrow: Automaton

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the shape of things to come.

What does the future look like?

I was doing an image search to see what was posted by folks of the hue. I used all of the hue denotations and the sci-fi buzz word combos.

Most of the sci-fi pics of hue people were bodies, faces, costume, accessories and hardware. Lots of hardware for fighting, blades, guns, spears. Lots of projected power emanating from heads, hands and belly-buttons. LOL!

Not many ships, not many space stations, not many planet settlements and lots living among the ruins of fallen urban america instead of a built by us city or village. Afro-futurism is not strong enough as a cultural form.

In the pictures what I didn't see is architecture, buildings, rooms. I know we are inspired by say the African Savannah or the edge of the jungle or pictures of tribal villages or at least some traditional building and the stories within them. What about an upgrade. A mega structure which seems to float above the ground, people going about it's base like ants, far off the ruins of tradition, close up new traditions. The structure is the hardware of technology and necessity, be it a house, civic building or a mega city. Viaducts for travel, water management are.... think about it the expanse of Africa and being able to transform a difficult terrain into mega cities. How about up the Mississippi or the Ohio River in America.

Hue people have got to put the ability to transform land into a civilization sustainment into the stories and images. Our supposed history has been one of building for someone else, what if we build for ourselves. Now that is speculative. That story rewrites the script we have been programmed to follow for 2K years. We need to  break the mental confines we have been taught. If you imagine it, put it into the flow of our collective conscience, the kinks are worked out, it soon becomes able to be put it into physical consideration and possibility. That is Sci-fi that has done a good job for us.

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Stretching Silicon...

Courtesy: M M Hussain

A new way to stretch single-crystal silicon (which is a rigid, brittle, material) to 10 times its original length without using a polymer support has been developed by researchers at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia. The feat will be an important step towards making stretchable and foldable electronics and photovoltaics, as well as structures like “smart skin” for robotics applications and biomedical sensors.



Inorganic single-crystal silicon is the basic building block of around 90% of all modern technology but it is intrinsically brittle and rigid and so cannot be stretched without mounting it on a polymer support first. And even in this case, it can only be stretched to about 3.5 times its original length. This means that silicon can not easily be used in flexible electronics – an area that is becoming more and more important with the advent of the “Internet of Things”, wearable electronics and novel applications like electronic paper-like displays and artificial skin.



A team led by Muhammad Hussain has now succeeded in fabricating a single-crystal silicon network of hexagonal islands connected through spiral springs that can be stretched to 10 times its original length and 30 times its original surface area. The technique might be applied to other inorganic semiconductor-based electronic materials too, says Hussain.



Nanotech Web: Silicon Gets Stretched

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Wonky or Watery...

Source: BBC link below

Mimas is the so-called "Death Star" moon because, well...go pull up some You Tube videos of Episode IV: "A New Hope" if you need to come up to speed.

I'm not so sure I'd use the term "wonky" in a sentence, but this is the BBC where all things Star Trek TNG is in endless syndication due to no doubt Sir Patrick Stewart.

I am sincerely hoping for water and a few microbes. That would be mankind's encounter with extraterrestrials that didn't involve ray guns or "live long and prosper" greetings.

Mimas is nicknamed the Death Star because it resembles the infamous Star Wars space station.

It has a tell-tale wobble that is twice as big as expected for a moon with a regular, solid structure.

The researchers offer two explanations: either it has a vast ocean beneath its surface, or a rocky core with a weird shape resembling a rugby ball.

The study appears in Science Magazine.

Its authors are astronomers in the US, France and Belgium, who based their calculations on high-resolution photos of Mimas snapped by the Cassini spacecraft.

BBC News: Death Star moon may be 'wonky or watery', Jonathan Webb

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Tomorrow night watch 'HOST' online!


Halloween Night the only Reality-TV Show that counts comes to DEU-TV...'HOST'! After you tune into the GENESIS RADIO SHOW with host William Hayashi, you can stream the gameshow where 'getting voted off' means getting 'offed!'

HOST start time for streaming will begin at 8pm CST and will run all of Halloween Night. So after hearing from the brightest in sci-fi, watch the award winning horror film, HOST directed by the BSFS' own 'H. Wolfgang Porter'.

Halloween Night, 'YOU are the next contestant!'

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November 15th, 'The Priestess' Returns!

Mid-November, the Priestess returns and though all seems well as the fall harvest begins in the Valley Realm, forces beyond the tranquil land threaten the life of she who has made the land what it is! Little Fish now a young man is still missing somewhere in time and a massive army is forming which will attack the Priestess' home and take her life!

Not even the mighty Goddess within can raise a hand against the coming force, but one man can and will...the Valley Knight! As the Priestess' mortal husband and sworn protector, the Valley Knight prepares to go forth to stem the tide of an army to save his Goddess-Wife. However, he will not have his stalwart companion the Aesir Chieftain with him on so perilous and potentially hopeless a labor for the Chief must venture forth to save his people once again! 

Can even the mighty Valley Knight stop an entire army alone in order to fulfill his oath to protect the Priestess from all 'Mortal Threats' or will he need to call upon darker powers to aid him in the coming conflict?

All the intrigue, romance and bloody conflict will be revealed in Season 4 of 'The Priestess'!

'The Priestess' © H. Wolfgang Porter. All Rights Reserved.

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Back to Emmett Brown...

Source: Back to the Future Wikia

Marty: "Wait a minute, what are you doing, Doc?"

Doc: "I need fuel!"

— Marty and Doc while Doc refuels Mr. Fusion with garbage



Yes, I flashed back to the end of the first in the trilogy - I saw it with my cousin in Atlanta, Georgia just after graduation and commission in the US Air Force. It was 1985...I was young...I had hair...

Largely due to previous reports of cold fusion back in the late 80's and being a fan of the National Ignition Facility, I casually viewed this story with some caution...at a considerable distance.



However, Lockheed is not a fly-by-night outfit as aerospace defense contractor, and I doubt their reactor will use ordinary garbage. The claim that it could develop a portable "Mr. Fusion" if successful will address energy needs, potentially diffuse global tensions over resources and unfortunately, bring out the less than savory that will mount a clear defense against it in favor of the current fossil fuel/scarcity economy status quo. This is similar to the spirited defense Thomas Edison gave of direct current by showing the dangers of alternating current electrocuting elephants. Tesla: 1; Edison: 0, and we are all using alternating current with no deleterious effects. I sincerely hope it doesn't come to that inhumane extreme.

I will reserve some skepticism and guarded optimism: the division of Lockheed working on this is "Skunk Works." It has a registered trademark, so I don't think it's a Nerd prank, just a PR faux pas. Link below; stay tuned...



Phys.org: Lockheed Martin pursues compact fusion reactor concept, Nancy Owano

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Halloween Night Director H. Wolfgang Porter's disturbing horror spoof on Reality-TV 'HOST' will be shown as a one night event! DEU-TV will present the film at 8pm CST online at:

www.dreadedenterprises.com/HOST_home.

Watch as 'Fixer' Nick Hawshaw turns up to fix a client's problem with a pushy mistress and finds himself as an unwilling contestant on a Reality-TV Show where 'getting voted off' is deadly! Can Nick survive the ever sinister show challenges and if so, will he survive the plans of the maniacal gameshow 'HOST'?

DEU-TV will present the film at 8pm CST online at: www.dreadedenterprises.com/HOST_home.

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Fear Bola and Duct Tape...



"Sell the fear": it was the instruction I received in a very uneventfully short career as a sales representative for an electronics security firm. Part of the memorized script I recited that entailed sharing horrid crime stats to wearied prospective buyers was "how did that make you feel?" It was of course, supposed to make you feel afraid, very afraid...for your lives and reaching for your checkbooks. At an appointment scheduled through the office, before I could launch into my memorized banter, the woman said: "I was just burglarized last night." Undoubtedly, the fastest sale I ever had. She knew exactly how she felt: violated, angry and afraid.



It is interesting then, that this definition is put forth. All the networks do this: posing simultaneously as the voice of reason and prophets of doom. It looks for answers while promoting doubt post "X-Files" that the "truth is out there." It makes a rational discussion and discourse almost impossible to attain.



This fear is unfortunately the byproduct of 9-11, reminiscent of the fear of Anthrax attacks that spurred the prodigious purchases of duct tape (I'm sure like manufacturers appreciated the bump in sales). Currently, a mint is being made in HAZMAT suits and other emergency supplies, just in time for Halloween. The governors of Illinois, New Jersey and New York are now competing in the silly season on which can suspend the Civil Rights of medical professionals the fastest, NJ and NY's main men potential presidential candidates in 2016, but I'm sure that has nothing to do with it. Both have used the now bipartisan, feckless dodge "I'm not a scientist" to defend inaction on climate change and fracking (NJ's chief executive selective ignorance notable after the devastation of Hurricane Sandy and his previous complaints of congressional inaction).



The danger of these draconian measures will be eventually discouraging military and medical professionals from doing what we did after 9-11 (paraphrase): "fighting terrorists/Ebola over there before they/it comes over here." What nurse or doctor will WANT to volunteer for hazardous duty when instead of a hero's welcome, they get thrown in a gulag? Kaci Hickox has tested negative, NEGATIVE for Ebola 2X! The protocol for self monitoring has worked successfully since developed for dozens of volunteers that have come to our shores after duty since 1976, when the virus was first reported on the continent of Africa. Nina Pham (RN), Amber Vinson (RN) both of Texas Presbyterian and Doctor Craig Spencer are medical professionals that knew these protocols and reacted to them swiftly. Could they be tightened? I'm for lowering the standard of the 103 degree temperature to any low-grade fever when you've deployed to an affected area along with the self-monitoring/isolation and reporting to medical authorities when anything changes. Ms. Vinson was diagnosed with a low-grade fever of 99.5 degrees after travel, and not infectious (a TV host in New York got explicitly graphic on the unlikelihood of casual infection). It does appear catching the infection prior to any forthcoming vaccine early is the key to survival.

The problem with this lack of appreciation for STEM fields, atomizing humanity to islands of xenophobia in our Solar System's outer asteroid belt (a mythical "over there" that will magically not affect us); tying the hands and feet that must combat Ebola [actually] "over there" that will tragically affect us, the inevitable outcome is the very thing no one wants: a modern plague, first in Europe then in America. We will fair better as currently not being torn asunder by Civil War (imagine the impact if this struck us during our actual Civil War). As a nation, we seem determined to do the stupid, and swiftly.
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The path into a dark and malevolent universe has been found and the Trynaught's sinister goal is revealed...destroy his creator the 'Dark God!' But even with the replenished replicated hordes and his cadre of gods fresh from their conquest of Heaven, will even this mighty force be enought to bring down the master of all darkness? The answer will be revealed in the stunning 'Dark God's Gift' season 2 conclusion!

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Apps and Ebola...

Technology Review

Perhaps the sanest proposal I've heard so far, using technology to get people to the necessary treatment, track patients accurately; contain and control a pathogen before its R0 of 2 out of apathy based on xenophobia and tribalism grows exponentially to Bubonic proportions. With this country's current disastrous love affair with austerity, I'm not talking about the ubiquitous "there"...



"We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology." Carl Sagan.



Nigeria is Ebola free...so is Senegal, largely due to both countries having enough infrastructure and concerted effort to combat it, proving it can be contained and conquered. Thomas Eric Duncan has died, and two nurses that worked his case have been affected and are receiving the best treatment available. But, we've been exquisitely conditioned via initially pamphlets, chat rooms, talk radio and the Internet to not trust the government or technology - the moon landing never happened; a stateless cabal rigs every election to their desired outcome, not voter apathy, suppression-cum-"integrity" or Supreme Court judicial activism; "jack-booted thugs" will come, in black helicopters to intern us all in FEMA camps taking our guns and freedoms. The wondrous beauty of most conspiracy theories is they never have to be proven, and actual plots can be conveniently ignored.




In this election season especially, fear must be sold from those with no other plan than to just be afraid; Nigeria and Senegal's good news you'd never have known.




TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: Back in July, Cedric Moro started a crowdsourced mapping service to keep track of the spread of Ebola in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. Moro is a risk consultant who has created several crowdsourced maps of this kind using the openStreetMap project Umap.




Anyone can enter information about suspected or confirmed Ebola cases while hospitals and other health facilities can tell people whether they are open and functioning and how many spare beds they have.




The site tracks other information to such as unsafe burials, hostility towards health workers and links to information about the disease. It even tracks the movement of infected individuals to see how the disease spreads.




Moro’s work has been hugely important in helping to link potential victims with appropriate healthcare facilities and giving a broader overview of the tragedy as it unfolds.




But it also has an important limitation. Anyone hoping to contribute must have access to a computer or smartphone to upload their information. That means the system is accessible only to a relatively small portion of the population.




Today, Mohamad Trad from Doctors Without Borders in Paris, France, and a couple of pals outline plans to build on Moro’s approach and make this kind of information available purely through ordinary mobile phones. “We propose building a recommendation system based on simple SMS text messaging to help Ebola patients readily find the closest health service with available and appropriate resources,” they say.




Abstract




We propose to utilize mobile phone technology as a vehicle for people to report their symptoms and to receive immediate feedback about the health services readily available, and for predicting spatial disease outbreak risk. Once symptoms are extracted from the patients text message, they undergo complex classification, pattern matching and prediction to recommend the nearest suitable health service. The added benefit of this approach is that it enables health care facilities to anticipate arrival of new potential Ebola cases.



arXiv:
Guiding Ebola Patients to Suitable Health Facilities: An SMS-based Approach

Mohamad Trad, Raja Jurdak, Rajib Rana

Related link:
World Science Festival: Everything You Need to Know About Ebola

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Table-Top Gravity Wave Detector...

Gravitational waves travel through space and time much like ripples on the surface of water. (Courtesy: iStock/mic27)


I've used "table-top" for several postings before. I think science needs to come up with a less-cliche descriptor.

A coin-sized detector might observe gravitational waves before the giant LIGO interferometers, according to two Australian physicists who have built the device. The detector is designed to register very high frequency gravitational waves via the exceptionally weak vibrations they would induce. Other scientists caution that the astrophysical objects thought to emit such radiation may do so very weakly or might not actually exist.




Predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity but yet to be directly observed, gravitational waves are ripples in space–time generated by accelerating massive objects. The tiny detector has been made by Maxim Goryachev and Michael Tobar of the University of Western Australia in Perth and is based on the decades-old technology of resonant-mass detection.



Physics arXiv:
Gravitational Wave Detection with High Frequency Phonon Trapping Acoustic Cavities
Maxim Goryachev, Michael E. Tobar
Physics World: Tabletop experiment could detect gravitational waves

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Dystopian Economic Models

From the title of this post, you might think that we are going to discuss rapacious financial systems that leave bleak and shattered worlds in their wake. However, there are libraries full of critiques of every economic system under the sun, from Marx to Hayek to Piketty. If you want to understanding why the modern world looks, acts and even smells like it does, then a complete understanding of our economic system (neo-liberal capitalism) is a must.

What we are discussing is fictional governments and the economic systems that power them. In the same way you shouldn't trust a work of fiction that lacks a political view (post on that later), you should never trust a work of speculative fiction that fails to have a coherent economic model.

There are a number of hard science fiction stories that detail the economic model of the universe they inhabit. The anachro-capitlaism post-scarcity of The Culture universe, to the Techno-liberalism of Peter Hamilton's Nights Dawn and Pandora Star series and the Ur-libertarianism of Snow Crash.

With the increasing interest (some might say "peak interest") in YA anti-Utopian fiction, care should be made to create plausible economic models that support the oppressive government systems in your work.

As an example of a partially detailed economic system, take the Hunger Games series. The economic model of Hunger Games is never explicitly described. However, we do know that it features both low and high-tech manufacturing (and presumably some form of higher and advanced education), as well as massive resource extraction (see districts 12, 4, 3, and 7). Most of these resources appear to be earmarked for the use by the citizens of the capital. While there is some form of income and wealth generation in the Capital, the mechanisms of distribution, both in terms of employment and luxury end-products, is murky. Clearly, Panem operates on an authoritarian command economy (equal parts oppressive communist in the districts, and some form of open / limited market in the Capital), but there is no clearly identified private firms or companies. It is possible that everyone in the Capital works for the Capital, at which point it forms a closed economy independent from the rest of the districts, but receives tribute as a form of "Dividend on oppression".

What's the point you ask? The Hunger Games is about a contest (and thinly veiled allegory) of teenagers forced to kill one another for entertainment value, who cares about economic models? Well, arm chair economists for one, but authors and readers who appreciate detailed world building for another.

Economic systems influence political systems, and you can't world build without a political system. You can try, but your characters ( more so if they are plucky teens rebelling against authority) need to have a platform for their views. Why is the Authoritarian government bad? Because it controls people. In the Hunger Games, one of the reasons the Government is so terrible is that it appears to run forced labor facilities all over the country (See District 11 and 12 -  forced shaft coal mining and Farming. Lets avoid the fact that District 11 is full of African Americans forced to pick fruit).

Forced labor camps only make political sense in certain economic systems. If your economic system does not prize competition and liberty, your political system will reflect that, not vice versa. For instance, slavery is an economic system, racial supremacy and oppression come about as political rationals meant to justify the economic model. So in truth, the economic model (cheap/ free labor and resources) informs the political system (massive authoritarian repression), not the other way around.

Conflict, the lifeblood of good characterization, often stems from disparities in economic standing. As another example, the Lannisters of Game of Thrones are wealthy (or so they say ) patrons of the crown based, not on their knowledge of science or mathematics, but their ability to extract gold from the land under their feet. In contrast, the Iron Bank of Bravos yields capital in the form of interest bearing loans on prior loaned capital and merchant marine services. In both instances, their wealth and resources allows them to take political positions that lesser equipped houses and organizations could not implement. The golden rule abides. 

Therefore, when constructing a world for your characters to inhabit, look to the economic model to explain motivations of not only the government (if there is a government) but the people rebelling against the government.  When conducting analysis or reviewing the work of others, look to the naturalness of the political and economic systems. Is the world resource constrained? If so, the political system will seek to control individuals. If the individuals rebel, what will that rebellion do to the availability of resources? Does the author address the economic rational of the villains, and the economic downside of the protagonists goals? Working through these issues will leave less gaps that must be hand-waived through exposition or ball-hiding, resulting in a tighter work that focuses on plot.

2014 Moorsgate Media (www.moorsgatemedia.blogspot.com)

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