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Excitons and Bilayer Graphene...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 27, 2017 at 7:24am
The band structure of a bandgap-opened bilayer graphene is shown in the upper left corner, where the trigonal warping effect results in three pockets near the edge of conduction and valence bands. Infrared light illuminates bilayer graphene and creates an exciton (a bound state of an electron and an electron hole), located mostly in the top and bottom layer of carbon atoms respectively. Courtesy: Long Ju and Enrique Sahagún Alonso (Scixel)

Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Graphene, Particle Physics, Nanotechnology

Researchers in the US have succeeded in observing excitons in bilayer graphene for the first time using photocurrent spectroscopy and modified Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The new result could help in the development of next-generation optoelectronics instruments, such as tunable infrared detectors, light-emitting diodes and lasers for molecular spectroscopy, thermal imaging and astronomy applications.

“The excitons we observed can be tuned using an electrical field, have a high quality factor, strongly absorb light and lie in the technologically important mid-infrared to terahertz wavelength range,” explains team member and lead author of the study Long Ju, who is at Cornell University. “No other conventional semiconductor contains such excitons.”

Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms just one atom thick arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It is a semi-metal and does not contain a bandgap in its pristine state. Bilayer graphene is different, however, in that a large and tunable bandgap can be induced in it using an applied electric field – something that cannot be done for single-layer graphene.

Researchers theorize that bilayer graphene also supports tunable excitons (electron-hole pairs) but these had never been actually observed in an experiment until now.

Excitons seen in bilayer graphene, Belle Dumé, Nanotechweb.org

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Wild Month at the DMZ

Posted by Stephen Alexander on November 25, 2017 at 9:53am

I live in South Korea and it's been a weird month at the DMZ/related to the DMZ.

First, there was the Louisiana guy who tried to break into North Korea. He got caught.

Then there was wild DMZ escape by the North Korean staff sergeant you've undoubtfully read about in the news. He came with ringworms/roundworms about 10 inches long and several bullet wounds. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQ7gEg90K08

And finally, the black guy Jimmy Carter rescued died in tragic circumstances in San Diego. Tragic and mysterious.

What's gonna happen next month, huh?

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CHALLENGE!!!!!!!!!!

Posted by KENNETH E JAMES on November 18, 2017 at 1:53pm

That's right i said it Challenge for the week if you are an Artist,Writer, whatever the case. If you are a writer do 10 Pages a day for the next week and prove it by Saturday the 25th. That is 70 pages by one week. Now here is the caveat you have to do it in the time frame of your normal day if you cant than try using an hour by hour schedule to see what you are doing that is wasting some time. Nuff said we are all adults here we go! 

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WINTERMAN COMICS #1

Posted by Geoff Thorne on November 17, 2017 at 1:32pm

Also, I launched my comics line last month with WINTERMAN COMICS #1

#2 drops at the end of this month and so on. In 2018 three new titles will arrive in a very interesting way.

The comics are sold digital-only on AMAZON (for now. other outlets when i get some free time to make the appropriate files)



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Question on Grad School Program of Neuroscience

Posted by AL Bey on November 19, 2017 at 3:33pm

Hello Peeps,

Currently I'm in the final stages of applying for a grad program at Michigan State called Literary Neuroscience. This program has had "general" internet info circulating for maybe only 7 years, with arguably a location of no more than 5 schools in the whole USA. After taking the GRE today and sending out my scores to these scores, I was curious in wondering, "Are there any predominantly/historically black schools that house programs with similar combined studies of literature and cognition?" Even though the term "literary neuroscience" is relatively new, I'm sure the concept isn't. As an old saying goes, "There is nothing new under the Sun." Plus, one of thee world's foremost conventional experts on Brain Surgery & Neuroscience is renown doctor/author, Ben Carson, also from Detroit, MI. If anyone has answers and/or feedback to this vital question, let me know. And even if I do end up in Michigan, East Lansing is likely to be somewhat of a post-gentrified Nu Detroit, where in the next 5-10 years, they'll be no shortage from people of color.

Happy Black Friday Shopping Season - AL Bey

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BLACK PANTHER'S QUEST

Posted by Geoff Thorne on November 17, 2017 at 12:00am

okay.

It's been a while so i think is should start out with this.

Next year, in addition to what we all expect to be the miraculous and life-changing BLACK PANTHER feature film, there will also be a new version of the Marvel animated AVENGERS series, featuring Black Panther as well.

When I say "feature" I really mean "focus on" because this next season is so much about Black Panther that they retitled the show to make it clear.

For four seasons the show was called MARVEL'S AVENGERS: ASSEMBLE. NEXT season it will be called MARVEL'S AVENGERS: BLACK PANTHER'S QUEST.

I'm mentioning it here for two reasons.

1) Folks around here need to watch the hell out of this show. It's a totally different vibe than what's gone before on these TV series.

2) The reason I know this is because I'm the head writer. I'm not legally allowed to say anything more than this at this time.

Working for Marvel is like working for the CIA. But I thought I'd drop some info now so you guys can get prepped. By "prepped" I mean "Buckle up."

Here's some of the redesigned characters from the show.

That's it for now. come find me at GAME OF THORNES on twitter if you want to stay up on it or, just watch this space.

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10-Qubit Entanglement...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 15, 2017 at 3:30pm
Illustration of the ten-qubit processor (Courtesy: Chao Song et al/ Physical Review Letters)

Topics: Nanotechnology, Quantum Computer, Quantum Mechanics, Superconductors

Physicists in China and the US have built a 10-qubit superconducting quantum processor that could be scaled up to tackle problems not solvable by classical computers. The performance of the device was verified using quantum tomography, which showed that the new approach can generate a true 10-partite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state – the largest yet achieved in a solid-state system.

The field of quantum computing is in its infancy, and a genuinely useful, practical device that outperforms classical computers has not yet been built. At this stage of development, researchers do not even agree on the basics of implementation, but techniques employing superconducting circuits have an advantage over some other designs in that they are based on established and scalable microfabrication processes.

Superconducting quantum computer achieves 10-qubit entanglement

Marric Stephens, Physics World

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Through a Glass, Darkly...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 16, 2017 at 7:08am
A simulation of the dark matter distribution in the universe 13.6 billion years ago. ILLUSTRATION COURTESY VOLKER SPRINGEL, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ASTROPHYSICS, ET AL, NatGeo

Topics: Astrophysics, Dark Matter, Neutrons, Research, Theoretical Physics

Alliteration source: "For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known." 1 Corinthians 13:12

Scientists at the University of Sussex have disproved the existence of a specific type of axion - an important candidate 'dark matter' particle - across a wide range of its possible masses.

The data were collected by an international consortium, the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) Collaboration, whose experiment is based at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland. Data were taken there and, earlier, at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble.

Professor Philip Harris, Head of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Sussex, and head of the nEDM group there, said:

"Experts largely agree that a major portion of the mass in the universe consists of 'dark matter'. Its nature, however, remains completely obscure. One kind of hypothetical elementary particle that might make up the dark matter is the so-called axion. If axions with the right properties exist it would be possible to detect their presence through this entirely novel analysis of our data.

"We've analyzed the measurements we took in France and Switzerland and they provide evidence that axions – at least the kind that would have been observable in the experiment – do not exist. These results are a thousand times more sensitive than previous ones and they are based on laboratory measurements rather than astronomical observations. This does not fundamentally rule out the existence of axions, but the scope of characteristics that these particles could have is now distinctly limited.

"The results essentially send physicists back to the drawing board in our hunt for dark matter."

Hunt for dark matter is narrowed by new research, Phys.org More information: C. Abel et al. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter through Nuclear Spin Precession in Electric and Magnetic Fields, Physical Review X (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041034

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Clams and Biofuels...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 13, 2017 at 5:51am
Penn researchers are collaborating to study how giant clams convert sunlight into energy, which could lead to more efficient production of biofuel. Photo credit: Malcolm Browne

Topics: Biochemistry, Green Energy, Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Physics, Solar Power

Alison Sweeney of the University of Pennsylvania has been studying giant clams since she was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Santa Barbara. These large mollusks, which anchor themselves to coral reefs in the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans, can grow to up to three-feet long and weigh hundreds of pounds. But their size isn’t the only thing that makes them unique.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ Anyone who has ever gone snorkeling in Australia or the western tropical Pacific Ocean, Sweeney says, may have noticed that the surfaces of giant clams are iridescent, appearing to sparkle before the naked eye. The lustrous cells on the surface of the clam scatter bright sunlight, which typically runs the risk of causing fatal damage to the cell, but the clams efficiently convert the sunlight into fuel. Using what they learn from these giant clams, the researchers hope to improve the process of producing biofuel.

​​​​​​​Sweeney, an assistant professor of physics in the Penn School of Arts and Sciences, and her collaborator Shu Yang, a professor of materials science and engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Science, refer to the clams as “solar transformers” because they are capable of absorbing bright sunlight at a very high rate and scattering it over a large surface area. When the light is distributed evenly among the thick layer of algae living inside the clam, the algae quickly converts the light into energy.

“What those sparkly cells are doing,” Sweeney says, “is causing light to propagate very deeply into the clam tissue and spread out.”

“What those sparkly cells are doing,” Sweeney says, “is causing light to propagate very deeply into the clam tissue and spread out.”

After coming across Sweeney’s work, Yang struck up a collaboration to see if they could mimic the system by abstracting the principles of the clam’s process to create a material that works similarly. She and Ph.D. student Hye-Na Kim devised a method of synthesizing nanoparticles and adding them to an emulsion — a mixture of water, oil, and soapy molecules called surfactants — to form microbeads mimicking the iridocytes, the cells in giant clams responsible for solar transforming. Their paper has been published in Advanced Materials.

Penn Researchers Working to Mimic Giant Clams to Enhance the Production of Biofuel Ali Sundermier, Evan Lerner, University of Pennsylvania News

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An Update

Posted by Leah Ashton on November 11, 2017 at 8:30pm

Well since the last time I wrote, I went ahead with school. I sadly ended up flunking out. I was made to feel like I didn't belong there. I tried to open up and do different things and it just didn't work. This school is not at all what i thought it would be. They do not welcome writers like me, meaning students that want to be authors. They are more for tv, and movie type of writers.

I was depressed for a while and stopped writing. I was trying to find a better job so I wasn't so stressed. Maybe a year later I'm back to writing again. I write a little everyday thanks to my oldest daughter and Watt Pad. I'm still at my job, which i dont like anymore, so Im in school again, this time its affordable, and they encourage the kind of writer I am.

I am still very much into science fiction and fantasy. I had the pleasure of reading a few samples of books from Tanarive Due. I have also found a bit of inspiration from a few different people who have read my work. Now to find a way to make writing my career. Not quite sure how to start but if this is for me, everything will work out.

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FAST Entanglement...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 9, 2017 at 7:00am
While quantum entanglement usually spreads through the atoms in an optical lattice via short-range interactions with the atoms' immediate neighbors (left), new theoretical research shows that taking advantage of long-range dipolar interactions among the atoms could enable it to spread more quickly (right), a potential advantage for quantum computing and sensing applications. Credit: Gorshkov and Hanacek/NIST

Topics: Laser, Materials Science, Optical Physics, Quantum Mechanics

“It is these long-range dipolar interactions in 3-D that enable you to create entanglement much faster than in systems with short-range interactions,” said Gorshkov, a theoretical physicist at NIST and at both the Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science and the Joint Quantum Institute, which are collaborations between NIST and the University of Maryland. “Obviously, if you can throw stuff directly at people who are far away, you can spread the objects faster.”

Applying the technique would center around adjusting the timing of laser light pulses, turning the lasers on and off in particular patterns and rhythms to quick-change the suspended atoms into a coherent entangled system.

The approach also could find application in sensors, which might exploit entanglement to achieve far greater sensitivity than classical systems can. While entanglement-enhanced quantum sensing is a young field, it might allow for high-resolution scanning of tiny objects, such as distinguishing slight temperature differences among parts of an individual living cell or performing magnetic imaging of its interior.

Gorshkov said the method builds on two studies from the 1990s in which different NIST researchers considered the possibility of using a large number of tiny objects—such as a group of atom—as sensors. Atoms could measure the properties of a nearby magnetic field, for example, because the field would change their electrons’ energy levels. These earlier efforts showed that the uncertainty in these measurements would be advantageously lower if the atoms were all entangled, rather than merely a bunch of independent objects that happened to be near one another.

Need Entangled Atoms? Get 'Em FAST! With NIST’s New Patent-Pending Method

Paper: Z. Eldredge, Z.-X. Gong, J. T. Young, A.H. Moosavian, M. Foss-Feig and A.V. Gorshkov. Fast State Transfer and Entanglement Renormalization Using Long-Range Interactions. Physical Review Letters. Published 25 October 2017. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.170503

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Breadcrumbs and Evolution...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 7, 2017 at 6:49am
Schematic of the sandwich tunnelling electrode structure functionalized with RGD peptide, with a human integrin &alphaVβ3 protein in the junction gap. Courtesy of Nano Futures.

Topics: Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Nanotechnology

When electrochemistry, transient charging and heating effects all failed to explain the fluctuating high conductance detected in a human integrin protein, Stuart Lindsay at Arizona State University and his colleagues considered the possibility that the protein’s electronic properties teetered at a critical point between conducting and insulating states. Further analysis of the results revealed characteristics typical of a quantum critical point. While as yet unconfirmed, it is possible this "Goldilocks zone" may aid the protein’s functions, so that evolutionary advantages would have promoted the prevalence of this statistically unlikely electronic behaviour. On a more pragmatic level, the distinctive electronic signal is clearly identified against noisy backgrounds, and may have applications in single-molecule detection.

"There has long been this breadcrumb trail of evidence that proteins behave unusually electronically," explains Lindsay, director of the Biodesign Center for Single Molecule Biophysics at Arizona State University. "All the experiments you can shoot down because you don’t know the state of the protein or how many proteins you have there – here, for the first time, we trap a single protein in a well defined gap and in a condition in which the protein is native."

Lindsay worked alongside researchers at Arizona State University in the US and Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary to characterize the proteins both using a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) similar to other groups, as well as with a "fixed-gap device" junction developed in work on DNA sequencing. Characterizing proteins by STM raises several issues because the precise chemistry and geometry of the STM tip are not known, and the native environment of these proteins differs greatly from a vacuum, where the physics is well established. However, Lindsay and his colleagues found that their less error-prone fixed-gap device also gave conductances several orders of magnitude greater than expected, and that they fluctuated.

Unexplained huge protein conductances hint at evolution, Anna Demming, Nanotechweb.org

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Muons of Khufu...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on November 6, 2017 at 6:40am
Virtual-reality representation of the interior of Khufu's Pyramid. The small structure with the peaked roof near the bottom of the pyramid is the Queen's Chamber where the emulsion and hodoscope detectors were installed. The large inclined structure is the Great Gallery, which leads to King's Chamber. The new void is the white region above the Great Gallery. (Courtesy: ScanPyramids)

Topics: History, Modern Physics, Particle Physics

A large void hidden deep within Khufu's Pyramid at Giza in Egypt has been discovered by a team of physicists. The first-ever image of the mysterious structure was taken using muons that shower down on Earth after being created when cosmic rays collide with the atmosphere.

The measurements were done by the ScanPyramids collaboration that includes researchers from Egypt, Japan and France. The team used three different muon-imaging techniques to study the pyramid, which was built in about 2500 BCE and is also known as the Great Pyramid and the Pyramid of Cheops.

Called muography, the technique is similar to radiography using X-rays. Dense materials such as stone tend to absorb muons, which travel relatively unhindered through the air. If more muons than expected reach a detector within the pyramid, it means that they must have passed through an air-filled void on their way.

To verify the existence of the void, scientists from the KEK particle physics lab in Japan installed hodoscopes at a separate location within the Queen's Chamber. These comprise layers of plastic scintillator, which measure muon trajectories. Outside the pyramid, physicists from France's nuclear research agency CEA monitored the muon flux through the pyramid using micromegas detectors. These were arranged in muon "telescopes", which are also able to measure muon trajectories.

Muons reveal hidden void in Egyptian pyramid, Hamish Johnston, Physics World

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Bit by Bit.

Posted by Nelo Maxwell on November 5, 2017 at 1:43pm
An old piece I wrote on cryptocurrencyDigital currencies and what they could mean for the world.By Ra’Chaun Rogers.Most Americans are not economists, and when the country’s economy took a nose dive, a majority of citizens decided on a few things one of them being that banks were evil. They control the exchange of money, as well as the livelihood of a lot of people and are not only capable of questionable actions, but in some cases pardoned for it by the government. What if the control and flow of money were put into the hands of people and what if that money increased in value over time? Well nowadays there is something called digital currency which has the potential to change the way we see finance.In 2009 a man (or group of people) using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto developed the first digital currency known as “Bitcoin”, which among other things is beholden to no bank or government, but is monitored by a large group of individuals on a network known as “miners”. Most forms of digital currency were linked to the price of precious metal currency, making them fixed, but most have since then changed and now fluctuate. The great thing about digital currency is that they cannot be controlled by any government, organization or sole person. The security of digital currency is also not a factor as the number of miners is so great that in order to tamper with the network a person would need a computing power higher than that of a large software company. Digital currency is perfect for transportation of currency out of countries that are subject to Capitol Control, since there is no red tape to go through. The downside of digital currency is that if used on a wide scale certain deflationary digital currencies could lead to people hoarding money with the intention of making purchases at some undisclosed time when it’s worth a lot more than originally stated. Another issue is that people can choose not to accept digital currency for transactions, thus making them useless. The biggest problem with digital currency is that it fluctuates at such an unpredictable rate that it would be hard to use it as a mainstay currency for many transactions. While it seems to be the emerging currency of choice to those in the Occupy crowd or by people living in countries that can’t transport large sums of money to other countries, its relative newness, and somewhat underground status doesn’t make it a likely candidate for replacing any form of physical currency.In my opinion, digital currency is an interesting way to put the power back in the hands of people. The miners who operate and maintain the networks are regular people, which in theory is a heartening idea. However, a new problem arises when you switch your mode of exchange from one based on a hard to understand fiat system to one based on an equally hard to understand computer science system. The average person probably knows less about open source code than they do about interest rates. It would also probably require a lot of getting used to and maybe even some specialized instruction for normal citizens to understand. Of course, this is speculating that digital currency becomes a widespread and accepted medium of exchange, until then it will only be a novelty.
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Subterranean Moon Base...

Posted by Reginald L. Goodwin on October 31, 2017 at 5:48am
The Marius Hills Skylight, as observed by the Japanese SELENE/Kaguya research team. (Image: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University)

Topics: Moon, NASA, Planetary Science, Science Fiction, Space Exploration

Hm. Just in time for Halloween, though (I think) the architecture of science fiction space bases will obviously need an update. This is also the idea motivating any future Martian colonies as well.

New research published in Geophysical Research Letters shows that several pits located near the Marius Hill region of the Moon are large open lava tubes, and that these ancient caverns have the potential to offer, in the words of the researchers, a “pristine environment to conduct scientific examination of the Moon’s composition and potentially serve as secure shelters for humans and instruments.” The team, which included scientists from NASA and Japan’s space agency, JAXA, combined radar and gravity data to make the finding.

No doubt, these caverns would be perfect for aspiring lunar colonists. Inside these large holes, humans would be protected from the Sun’s dangerous rays, and other hazards. The Moon has no atmosphere to speak of, so these “instant” shelters would be extremely advantageous.

Philadelphia is shown inside a theoretical lunar lava tube. (Image: Purdue University/David Blair)

Scientists Just Found the Perfect Spot to Build an Underground Colony on the Moon George Dvorsky, Gizmodo

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