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Battle of Puebla - Wikipedia

Cinco de Mayo (Spanish for "fifth of May") is a celebration held on May 5. It is celebrated nationwide in the United States and regionally in Mexico, primarily in the state of Puebla, where the holiday is called El Dia de la Batalla de Puebla (English: The Day of the Battle of Puebla). The date is observed in the United States as a celebration of Mexican heritage and pride, and to commemorate the cause of freedom and democracy during the first years of the American Civil War. In the state of Puebla, the date is observed to commemorate the Mexican army's unlikely victory over French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín. Contrary to widespread popular belief, Cinco de Mayo is not Mexico's Independence Day—the most important national patriotic holiday in Mexico—which is actually celebrated on September 16. (Wikipedia)



The National Society of Hispanic Physicists has a recognition page of Hispanic Americans in Physics - Past, Present and Future. Similar to what I posted during the month of February, my intention is to give the same attention to Hispanic Scientists and Engineers during the celebration of National Hispanic Heritage Month.
Teaching for Change: Book link here


Almost 10 years before "Brown vs. Board of Education," Sylvia Mendez and her parents helped end school segregation in California. An American citizen of Mexican and Puerto Rican heritage who spoke and wrote perfect English, Mendez was denied enrollment to a "Whites only" school. Her parents took action by organizing the Hispanic community and filing a lawsuit in federal district court. Their success eventually brought an end to the era of segregated education in California.


Praise for "Separate is Never Equal" by Duncan Tonatiuh
STARRED REVIEWS

"Tonatiuh masterfully combines text and folk-inspired art to add an important piece to the mosaic of U.S. civil rights history."
--"Kirkus Reviews," starred review
"Younger children will be outraged by the injustice of the Mendez family story but pleased by its successful resolution. Older children will understand the importance of the 1947 ruling that desegregated California schools, paving the way for Brown v. Board of Education seven years later."
--"School Library Journal," starred review
"Tonatiuh ("Pancho Rabbit and the Coyote") offers an illuminating account of a family's hard-fought legal battle to desegregate California schools in the years before "Brown" v. "Board of Education.""
--"Publishers Weekly"
"Pura Belpre Award-winning Tonatiuh makes excellent use of picture-book storytelling to bring attention to the 1947 California ruling against public-school segregation."
--"Booklist"



Happy Cinco de Mayo!
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Tyranny of Authoritarians...

Image Source: The Graveyard Site

This was inspired by my read of the old COSMOS on my kindle. I happened upon this letter excerpt from Galileo to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615. Given the unbelievable, relentless assaults on the new show by Young Earth/Universe Creationists, Galileo might as well have been writing this letter in the 21st Century:



To the Most Serene Grand Duchess Mother:



Some years ago, as Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before our own age. The novelty of these things, as well as some consequences which followed from them in contradiction to the physical notions commonly held among academic philosophers, stirred up against me no small number of professors-as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature and overturn the sciences. They seemed to forget that the increase of known truths stimulates the investigation, establishment, and growth of the arts; not their diminution or destruction.

.

.

.

Now as to the false aspersions which they so unjustly seek to cast upon me, I have thought it necessary to justify myself in the eyes of all men, whose judgment in matters of` religion and of reputation I must hold in great esteem. I shall therefore discourse of the particulars which these men produce to make this opinion detested and to have it condemned not merely as false but as heretical. To this end they make a shield of their hypocritical zeal for religion. They go about invoking the Bible, which they would have minister to their deceitful purposes. Contrary to the sense of the Bible and the intention of the holy Fathers, if I am not mistaken, they would extend such authorities until even m purely physical matters - where faith is not involved - they would have us altogether abandon reason and the evidence of our senses in favor of some biblical passage, though under the surface meaning of its words this passage may contain a different sense.



That's aspersions...without asparagus!



Fordham University
 Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615

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Pseudo Gap Superconductors...

Argonne National Laboratory

Thanks to a new study by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, researchers have identified and solved at least one paradox in the behavior of high-temperature superconductors. The riddle involves a phenomenon called the “pseudogap,” a region of energy levels in which relatively few electrons are allowed to exist.



Despite their name, high-temperature superconductors are actually quite cold – roughly 250 degrees to 350 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Conventional superconductors, like those used in MRI machines or particle accelerators, are even colder. Even though they are still quite cold, high-temperature superconductors are of special interest to researchers because, at least in theory, they are much easier to keep sufficiently cold and are thus potentially more useful.



Argonne National Laboratory:
Scientists gain new insight into mysterious electronic phenomenon

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There is a population of people in the world that are under represented. You can look in every country, every where and you might see one if you are lucky. They are the people, black people you just can't find anywhere.

What the heck is he talking about?  OK I'm doing a project, a building design, I want to show some people in it to show both the sense of scale and that black people are in the house.

When using SketchUP, no problem, it has a face front tool. You take a photo, cut out the people, make a part out of it and insert it in your scene. It is a 2d picture that faces front no matter which angle the 3d picture is viewed from. By the way black people look cool in a modern spacey really kool house.

Switch over to Sweet Home 3d or other 3d drawing programs. Now Sweet Home 3d has 2 black persons. A male as stiff as a board in a suit and a female with a bigger bust than two Barbies also stiff. The white characters are more naturally posed, look like real people. Dang, reminds me if a life drawing class I took. I was the model and it took the class 3 tries before I looked like me. What was that!?!

I know many of you are into 3d characters for games and animation BUT did you ever consider the under served market of little black people for architectural models and renderings. Hi, I'm a new architect of color. Hello new architect of color, what do you bring to the table? I bring a whole library of little black people so that your black clients will accept your envisionings without wenching. Yeah, we don't admit it but that is a problem. Your hired. OK, I want a beefy contract for me and also one for my little black people.

Hey, desktop publishers have the same problem, clip-art that targets or features black people doing the same things as other peoples is scarce. Come now, we are fluent in portraiture, religious, hip-hop, revolutionary posters, hair-do, head-shots, slave stuff and sci-fi (our favorite).

We 2d'em, 3d'em and omni-max them, but a little black dude waving hi, sitting reading a novel, a sweet thing walking wearing normal daily clothes. Oh yes, you can include a super hero wardrobe and a Chihuahua that transforms into a Doberman. And I don't mind at all if you hook me up wid resources, there is stuff I don't know. SH3f, 3ds, obj and other formats. I like free but might do real money if I have too.

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A Plane That Drives...

Source: Link below

Flying cars have long been the stuff of science fiction, though plenty of entrepreneurs and visionaries have struggled to make the concept a reality – including no less than the original Henry Ford.



The group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni that developed the Transition flying car have said they’re ready to take a giant leap even farther into the wild blue yonder. They’ve announced a more advanced concept, the TF-X, that is rapidly working its way toward reality.



To start with, the four-seater would be capable of vertical take-offs and landings. And since it would largely be controlled by a central computer network, the TF-X would, claims a Terrafugia promotional video, require a pilot/driver to have as little as five hours of training, a slight fraction of what it now takes to get the most basic private pilot’s license.



Oh, and if that isn’t appealing enough, the team says their newest flying car design would use an environmentally friendly plug-in hybrid powertrain.

NBC News: Flying Car Moves from Science Fiction Toward Reality,
Paul A. Eisenstein
#P4TC: From Fantasy, To Reality (2011)
Site: Terrafugia.com

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Last month I brought into question the marketing for Mark Millar’s upcoming comic MPH. After weighing in the comments and opinions of comic fans and writers alike, it was a brief twitter conversation with journalist David Brothers that caused me to go back and reassess my issues with the original marketing.

David:I read the piece & I can’t call the story till I see it. As far as marketing, the CREAM , reference read as tongue-in-cheek to me.”

Me: Yeah, I guess I could see that, maybe I’m off base.

David: “I get your concerns and you aren’t wrong to question them, but you don’t have a lot of evidence one way or another right now.”

Mr. Brothers was very correct on this point. Despite how things appeared I couldn’t make a judgement without having read the comic. Since the book comes out in May, I decided to give it a break.

So I went back on the Internet to look for more info on the series in order to prove my fears unfounded. Since it’s not out yet, maybe I’d find something that would make me want to buy it besides controversy.

What I learned was that MPH, as described by the mini-series’ creator, is supposed to be a view of the American Dream, which can be a nightmare for some. The main character, known as Roscoe, a young black man, is going to use these superspeed-granting drugs to go on a global crime spree.

In the preview, lyrics from the famous rap song C.R.E.A.M by the legendary Wu-Tang Clan were quoted to illustrate what the main protagonist’s motivations were through the use of drugs. This latest statement about the American Dream brings to mind rapper NaS’ song Street Dreams as well as the whole of ‘90s Hip-Hop, which in many ways embodied the idea of fast money whether through music or illegal activity.

I’m not saying that drug use in the U.S.A doesn’t exist, and I won’t say that black folks or anyone else for that matter don’t use and sell drugs here. But a lot of what I’m getting from this comic reads like “what I know about black people I learned from rap circa 1994”. None of what I just mentioned helps the fact that this budding super-criminal is a man of color, a group already associated with illegal activity and bad intentions nationwide, if not worldwide.

The fact that Mark Millar is a white writer could make this bad look for him in many eyes, and he really should’ve known better at least in terms of how sensitive of a subject this could become. I’m not going to throw out any harsh words at him, or brand him anything, (I’ll leave that for Black Twitter). My fear that this comic has racist undertones stems from the fact that the main character is a man of color from Detroit, a city already beleaguered with crime and gang violence, and he chooses to add to that crime when granted the ability to lessen it.

I don’t know anyone from Detroit except for a few creators who all seem like nice guys, and by no means am I saying that everyone in Detroit is a saint. But with all the white heroes throughout the years who have stumbled upon great power and acted completely responsibly with it, or even just got fed up and donned a mask to protect the streets, this lone black teen has to use his powers to commit crimes? Couldn’t he be a noble soul, tired of seeing senseless violence and watching his people slowly kill themselves?

I’m asking these questions because I really want to know why this couldn’t have been the case? Is Miles Morales enough to cover that base of “good black teen” while countless Caucasians with powers do the right thing? Are we as readers to believe that one group of people are inherently more noble than the other where the realm of fiction is concerned?

The origin of his powers are also another issue for me, and bring to mind two other characters. The first is former Young Avengers leader Elijah Bradley, a.k.a. Patriot, who gained his powers initially from Mutant Growth Hormone (MGH). Eli wasn’t a villain, but he almost became one after a drug-induced rampage forced his team to stop him.

The second character is Jasper Jenkins, a.k.a. The Bounce, who is a drug addict with superpowers and who oddly happens to be a hero. Why isn’t he robbing banks to get money for his habit?

So I spoke to my friend and mentor Karl Bollers, writer of the Eisner-nominated Watson and Holmes, a comic where though the heroes are black and though they have issues they do the right thing. While he thought the concept behind MPH was sensationalist and exploitative of prejudices, he also wondered if Millar was being satirical. That got me thinking about Millar’s unique view of America as a Scottish person.

When I watch all those infomercials…about how you can become a millionaire in your spare time, I get it! And I love that about America

- Mark Millar

If this is indeed satire — or just Millar’s take on the American Dream or a version of it — then it not only says something about how he may see black people, but how he sees Americans in general. The notion of the quick win or easy money is something that is at play in this book and while it still can be seen as offensive, it may also be a dark mirror shown to the face of American ideals and what they have become.

Crime has always been the original easy money scheme, and in a society where people can and have become rich and famous for nothing, someone using their powers for personal gain may not be far fetched.

Karl also reminded me of the story of X-Men and Alpha Flight member Northstar, who used his super speed to win in the athletic field. Here is another instance of a person with the same powers as Roscoe using his ability to get ahead but not in an explicitly criminal sense. Why couldn’t Roscoe use his abilities to build things quickly or improve his lot in life without need for a crime spree?

I can see why some folks wouldn’t find this offensive and before anyone starts with “If a black writer did this…” I’d be even more concerned because they should know better, I talk a bit about that in an old article I wrote here. This may not hit home for the majority of comic book fans, but I don’t need any more reasons for people like this to try and exclude or lampoon me from the realm of comics.

Racism still exists in comics, folks, and all the black heroes in mainstream comics — most of them rarely used — won’t stop the culture from latching onto something and having ill-intentioned fun with it.

Do I think Mark Millar is a racist? I don’t know him so I can’t make that statement, but I do know that he does things for shock value and while that could be the case here, somethings you just don’t need to do or must be careful about.

That being said, I’m still going to pick this comic up on the off chance that it is indeed a satire of the American Dream, or turns out to be something entirely different than I thought.

Tune in next time when the Word is…

 

 

 03-rough-e0f08

 

 

 

 

Originally posted on Comics Bulletin

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Team Tesseract...

Source: Museum of Flight

Orion is the first spacecraft designed to transport astronauts as far as Mars. NASA plans to launch the first Orion test flight later this year. Longer distance space flight poses a number of design challenges.



“In deep space the challenges are zero gravity and a radiation environment. So bone loss, muscle loss and the radiation as you don’t have the atmosphere of the Earth to protect you,” said Laurence Price Deputy Program Manager at Lockheed Martin.



Price is talking about the Van Allen Belt, a tightly packed field of radiation around the earth that acts as a layer that protects earth from charged ions. NASA has to study this area of radiation before they can send a manned spaceflight through it, and possibly on to Mars sometime after 2020.



The test flight will allow NASA to, among other things, experiment with different approaches to shielding radiation.



To come up with a radiation shield, Lockheed Martin, NASA and the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) created the Orion spacecraft Exploration Design Challenge for high school students. “So the idea behind the challenge is to get the students interested in something that is very necessary and we need to make a lot of progress in it… the students put a proposal together and build an experiment to measure the different approaches to radiation shielding,” said Price.



Student teams from around the country participated in the competition.



While at the USA Science and Engineering Festival last week, the winning design was announced by Team ARES from the Governor’s School for Science and Technology in Hampton, VA.



The American Radiation Eradication in Space (ARES) team created a 7” cubic shield called the Tesseract. It will house and protect a dosimeter from radiation while in flight. The final incarnation will be made of Tantalum, Tin, Zirconium, Aluminum, and Polyethylene. The heavy metals will block gamma rays while ions and neutrons are captured by the hydrocarbons of the polyethylene. The students selected their materials based on cost, malleability, machinability, weight, and abundance. Thanks to CAD models, the design was made to have flanges and bolts which allow the Tesseract to be strong, easily produced, and opened.



Engineering.com:
Orion Spacecraft will carry Radiation Shield designed by High School Students

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The Baartman Bag, Part III

I don’t have much time. Voices echo in the hall. I glance around the room, my gaze settling on the cabinet. My hand trembles as I open it. Yandi’s rubbing alcohol is the first thing I see, perched next to a bottle of cleaning solution and dirty rags. I reach for the alcohol and unscrew the cap, careful not to breathe in the pungent vapors as I pour some on the tube sock.

I raise my dress and tie the damp sock around my thigh like a tourniquet, rolling it down to the middle of my leg, making sure it’s far enough away so it doesn’t burn my bare genitals. Alcohol drips on the concrete like caustic tears as I douse the cleaning rags. Once they’re soaked, I stuff them in the pockets of the waist apron. The laundry room smells astringent. Medicinal. Like a doctor’s office. I wrap the apron around my waist so the three pockets are at my back and the belt ties in front, the opposite way the women in the oil bath wear it. I fluff my house dress around my waist, trying to conceal the belt.

A key jangles in the lock. Yandi is chatting with someone. Her laughter is loud, even through the thick door. I pick up the bottle of alcohol. Only a quarter of the fluid remains. I place the open container in the apron pocket closest to my left hip. As the door swings open, I stand a few feet away, hands by my side, trying to calm my mind.

Click here to read the rest of Part III!

Click here to catch up on Part I!

Click here to catch up on Part II!

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It's finally here - April 30th - cover reveal day for THE BOY.

For those of you who don't know me yet, I'm developing a paranormal trilogy called The Sanctum and late last year, published the first book in the trilogy, called THE GIRL. Next month, I'm going to publish book two, called THE BOY. To say I'm thrilled is an understatement. Anyway...

Ever since I got this baby in my hands, I've been humming with excitement, just waiting to share it with everyone.

Because it is gorgeous.

And Michele Mason Holmberg has outdone herself, proving again that she is simply brilliant.

I love her and she knows this and those of you who follow my blog or have read THE GIRL know this, so instead of waxing poetic about Michele and how awesome she is, how about I just shut up already and reveal the cover?

In THE GIRL, Madhuri Blaylock introduced readers to the world of The Sanctum, one corrupted by greed and savagery and hellbent on achieving a single goal: destroying the prophesied hybrid. When one of its most celebrated warriors questioned his allegiances, age-old secrets were unveiled and violence erupted. The journey becomes more perilous and intense as the trilogy surges forward with 

THE BOY

Can you cross the plains of death, collect every piece of your soul and make it back to the land of the living?

And if you complete the journey, will your loved ones welcome your return?

The Ramyan have been answering such questions since the creation of The Sanctum. A mysterious sect of Magicals, haunting the blank spaces of time and memory, they serve no one but themselves and their higher purpose. They exist on a plane removed from earthly matters, shifting easily between the living and the dead, moving in time to the beat of their own drummer. 

At least they did.

Dev and Wyatt change all of that when the prophesied hybrid lands on the steps of Rinshun Palace, seeking help for the wounded Class A Warrior. That decision alters lives and sets old agendas back on course. But at what cost to Dev and Wyatt? And does that really even matter?

 *     *     *

So…what do you think? Are you excited? Intrigued? Tell me, tell me. I want to hear all about it.

To celebrate next month's release of Book II: THE BOY, I'm giving away copies of the eBooks of both THE GIRL and THE BOY to five lucky winners.

All you have to do to enter the giveaway is leave comments at the cover reveal post on my blog at www.madhuriblaylock.wordpress.com about your thoughts on THE GIRL, what you hope happens in THE BOY, questions for me or anything else related to The Sanctum Trilogy in general. Five of you will be chosen at random on May 15th and the winners will be named in a blog post that day. Check back to see if you won. It's that simple.

You can also up your chances of winning by visiting The Sanctum's Facebook page at www.facebook.com/thesanctumtrilogy, clicking on the Giveaways tab and entering there as well.

Winner, winner, chicken dinner.

#AreYouInTheSanctum?

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Supersymmetry...

The best hope for discovering evidence of supersymmetry will come from the Large Hadron Collider, which is currently shut down so that it can be upgraded.
Credit: Thinkstock

The first run of the LHC, which ended in early 2013, produced enough data to allow researchers to identify the long-sought Higgs boson. During the shutdown, scientists and engineers will make improvements to the machine, which will let it reach the highest energies that it was designed for.



Caveat to the link below: crisis in this case for a science publication I'd take to mean "conundrum," which is a good way to sell print copy. When I think of a crisis, I recall the "Black Hole War" between Leo Susskind and Stephen Hawking (a very good read, I might add). However, if you're a string theorist, SUSY or lack thereof can get you a little agitated  I plan to purchase at the local supermarket to have an off-line physical copy.


Scientific American: Supersymmetry and the Crisis in Physics
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Diamond Teleportation...

The ability to teleport quantum information between diamond crystals that can also store it is a small but important step toward a quantum Internet.

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: The prospect of a quantum Internet has excited physicists for two decades. A quantum Internet will allow the transmission of information around the world with perfect security and make cloud-based quantum computing a reality.



But first, physicists must perfect the technology of quantum routing—the ability to receive and transmit quantum information without destroying it.



That’s a significant challenge. The key is a technique called quantum teleportation, which transmits information from one point to another without it passing through the space in between. This is a routine operation in any decent quantum optics lab but quantum routing—which concatenates the process—is another challenge altogether.



Today, Wolfgang Pfaff at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft in the Netherlands and a few pals say they’ve take a significant step toward this goal with the first demonstration of diamond teleporters that can act as nodes in a quantum network. “These results establish diamond spin qubits as a prime candidate for the realization of quantum networks for quantum communication and network-based quantum computing,” they say.



The fundamental difficulty in quantum routing is that quantum information is fragile stuff. So quantum teleportation has always involved creating a qubit, teleporting it and then immediately measuring it to check whether teleportation has been successful.



However, the process of measurement destroys quantum information. So an important goal is to create routers that can read and write quantum information without destroying it.


Physics arXiv:
Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state qubits
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Nano Explosives and Dark Matter...

Particles of dark matter should trigger nanoexplosions in certain materials, an idea that could lead to an entirely new generation of detectors, say physicists.

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: One of the great mysteries of modern astrophysics is the nature of dark matter. This is the mysterious stuff that astrophysicists say must exist to provide the gravitational forces necessary to hold galaxies together.



The general consensus is that there is around five times as much dark matter as visible matter in the universe. And this raises obvious questions: what is this stuff and how can we detect it?



These questions have triggered an almighty race among physicists to detect dark matter and measure its characteristics. But the results of their experiments are puzzling and contradictory. Some labs are claiming to have detected the stuff while others appear to rule out the possibility.



What’s needed, of course, is more data from a greater variety of detectors. And today, Alejandro Lopez-Suarez at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and a few pals propose a novel idea. They hope to detect dark matter by the effect it has on explosives.



Their plan is to create small explosive particles that are sensitive enough to detonate when hit by a lump of dark matter. Having done this, the physicists then sit back and wait for the ensuing fireworks.


Physics arXiv: New Dark Matter Detector using Nanoscale Explosives
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This Dandelion...



I discussed in two parts last weekend the pervasiveness of pseudoscience in our culture that in many ways have led to the standoff in Nevada, the shooting at the Jewish Community Center; the curt comments from Bill O'Reilly and now the (alleged) nonplussed commentary on being seen in public with African Americans from LA Clippers owner Donald Sterling to his obviously-young-enough-to-be-his-daughter non-European girlfriend. His famous employee Chris Paul is apparently waiting for confirmation of this rumor, but I seriously doubt there will be a strike, forfeit or walk-off. I think his pending NAACP Image Award has probably been revoked.



Eugenics is an example of the science of evolution being pushed into the realm of pseudoscience: part of Darwin's thesis was comparing artificial selection - breeding - to natural selection, which only requires an inordinate amount of time. (Thus the Jesuit estimate of 6000 years must be adhered to versus the scientific, painstaking calculation by Clair C. Patterson of 4.6 billion years.) No less than Charles Murray has crawled out from under his rock to advise Texas gubernatorial candidate Gregg Abbott how do deal with the GOP's "women problem," and Nobel Prize recipient William Shockley (of the Shockley diode equation) donated his spunk to the cause of selectively breeding geniuses. It has been my experience that academic preparation - even at the highest levels - does not always confer critical thinking skills or wisdom.



My favorite hedge-fund rancher Cliven Bundy is not a welfare queen: that would be a sexist and racist comparison to gaming the system. At 1.2 million dollars in 21 years of free grazing on "we the people," this is outright theft from taxpayers, a slow-mo version of the Wall Street staccato bank heist of 2008 (for which, they paid themselves all handsome bonuses), because of, you know: "liberty."



Taraxacum /təˈræksəkʉm/ is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Eurasia and North and South America, and two species, T. officinaleand T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide.[2] Both species are edible in their entirety.[3] The common name dandelion (/ˈdændɨlaɪ.ən/ DAN-di-ly-ən, from French dent-de-lion, meaning "lion's tooth") is given to members of the genus, and like other members of the Asteraceae family, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Each single flower in a head is called a floret. Many Taraxacum species produce seeds asexually by apomixis, where the seeds are produced without pollination, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.[4] (Wikipedia)



This dandelion is blown in the wind by echo chambers deficit of facts and bereft of values other than profit in the deified "market." It looks innocent enough until it implants in the rich manure of sectarian strife at the pariah 99% levels, fed by ignorance; metastasizes and grows into the weed of violence. As long as we argue the conspiracy theory of the moment and treat other parts of humanity as "the other"; we cannot and will not see the "invisible hand of the market" deftly picking our pockets. The "patriots" are pointing in the wrong direction.



Hosea 8:7 "For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: it hath no stalk: the bud shall yield no meal: if so be it yield, the strangers shall swallow it up."
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Gliding Atoms...

The micrograph on the left shows a tiny triangle of metallic molybdenite (labelled 1T) that measures just 3 nm at its base. It has been created within a semiconductor sheet (2H) of the same material. The diagram on the right shows the position of the triangle. Such structures can function as quantum dots. (Courtesy: Kazu Suenaga)

Researchers in Japan say they have watched individual atoms rearrange themselves during the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in molybdenite (MoS2) – a graphene-like material that can occur in sheets just one molecule thick. Until now, such phase transitions were thought of as collective motions of atoms, but the new observations show that atom-by-atom movements are at play. The result could provide important information to researchers trying to create electronic devices from single sheets of MoS2.



Molybdenite is a direct bandgap 2D semiconductor that shows some promise for use in electronics and optoelectronics devices. The mobility of its electric charge carriers is greater than 100 cm2/Vs (and could be as high as 500 cm2/Vs) – values that compare well to silicon. It is a "van der Waals solid", which means that it comprises robust 2D sheets weakly bonded to each other to form a layered 3D structure much like graphite. This means that molybdenite is stable on a variety of substrates – even transparent or plastic ones. Single-layer molybdenite is only about 0.65 nm thick, which means that it can be used to create very thin transistors.



An important property of molybdenite is polymorphism: it has different electronic characteristics depending on the crystal structure of the layers. It is a semiconductor when the sulphur and molybdenum are arranged in a trigonal prismatic structure and it is a metal when the atoms assume an octahedral structure. Both structural phases can be thought of as a central plane of molybdenum atoms sandwiched between two planes of sulphur atoms. Phase transitions were believed to occur when the planes glided over each other – but such a transformation had never been directly observed in an experiment until now.



Physics World: Ultrathin material glides from metal to semiconductor

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B612...

Credit: Link below

Why science/math matters...

A new and surprising rate at which an asteroid collides with Earth has been calculated by the B612 Foundation—a private group dedicated to defending the Earth against such catastrophes.



In spite of lower estimations calculated by other scientists, the B612 Foundation has collected data suggesting that the Earth is capable of being hit by an asteroid once a century, a rate previously thought to be once every 3,000 years. Physicist and former space shuttle astronaut Ed Lu, who is CEO of B612, explains what his data shows.



“There are people who say, ‘Oh, once every million years we have something we have to worry about.’ That couldn’t be more wrong,” says Lu.



“Eventually you’re going to get hit, because it’s just a matter of time,” he adds.



Evidence which supports this prediction was collected and made accessible by Peter Brown of the University of Western Ontario. The data gathered was administered by a network of sensors that detect nuclear explosions. Picking up sound waves, the sensors have detected 26 asteroid explosions since 2001. Some of these collisions occurred during 2009 and 2013, one off the coast of Indonesia and the other over Russia, respectively.

The Space Reporter:
Deadly asteroids occur more often than previously thought, Rachelle Flick
Snag Films: Asteroids - Deadly Impact

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Blood Of World's Oldest Woman, Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper, Suggests Limits Of Mortality

Her blood tells a story.

And it's a very, very long story.

Born in 1890, Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper once had the honour of being the world's oldest woman. Today — years after her death — her blood is under the microscope.

And it's telling us a lot about the limits of our own mortality.

In a study published this week in the journal Genome Research, Dutch scientists conducted a deep analysis of van Andel-Schipper's blood and tissues, finding that human life does indeed have an expiry date. It's set by our cells' ability to divide.

And it's limited.

Once a stem cell has reached that cap — literally dividing itself to death — it can no longer replenish tissues.

According to New Scientist, van Andel-Schipper was down to just two stem cells at the time of her demise — fueling two-thirds of her white blood cells. Virtually every stem cell she began her long life with had burned out.

"Is there a limit to the number of stem cell divisions, and does that imply that there's a limit to human life?" research head Henne Holstege of the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam told New Scientist. "Or can you get round that by replenishment with cells saved from earlier in your life?"

Van Andel-Schipper's case is especially unique in that she was reportedly in pristine shape until very close to her death in 2005. According to New Scientist, she enjoyed 'crystal clear cognition' and a blood circulatory system free of disease.

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The Baartman Bag, Part II

Click here to read Part I

 

My pen-mates are arranging themselves on their pallets when Yandi and I return to the great room. It’s ten minutes to 6:00. The baby-faced warden is still positioned by the door, a few yards from the blue dumpster. Yandi winks at him as we walk in and then saunters off to help the kitchen workers fix our plates.

 

Even though the menu never changes, an excited murmur fills the air as meal time nears. It’s one of the few bright spots in our day, aside from our daily sun hour and the oil bath.

 

I don’t have an appetite, but I accept the plate handed to me by a young Latina with a rose tattoo on her neck. She looks close to my age and she averts her eyes, almost apologetic, as she passes out the food. Dinner is avocados and nuts with an unappetizing slab of haddock in the middle. I’m still shaken from the horrors I witnessed in the Assembly Room, but I have to stay calm. I can’t let on that I know.

 

Sensing someone staring at me, I look up, locking eyes with Fern. She isn’t eating either. She stirs the tiny mountain of avocado mush with her finger. I don’t want to think about Fern, Grace or any of my pen-mates stretched out on racks – stretched to snapping – like flightless bats. I prefer to think of the teen somewhere coasting down the sidewalk on her skateboard.

 

“You gonna eat that?”

 

It’s Leticia, a Modern Coffee sitting to my right. She gestures to the fish on my plate. I pick up the lukewarm fillet and hand it to her. Our fingers touch.

 

“I was going to ask you for that.” Robyn, a dark-brown girl, sits across from me, watching the exchange. Her hair is starting to grow back in, black and bristly. She purses her lips like a child, although she’s at least eighteen. “You gave ‘Ticia your fish last night.”

 

“Closed mouth don’t get fed,” Leticia says. As she stuffs fish in her mouth, I scrutinize her face, her head. Leticia’s naked scalp bears twin ridges near her hairline, one on each side of her temple, about several inches long. Those dents could be scars left over from infancy, the result of forceps used during a difficult delivery.

 

I glance around the room at the bald heads of my pen-mates, as if I can glean the story of their lives from a scab or keloid. Can they interpret my scars? You can tell by the way some girls duck their head when you speak to them that they are more embarrassed by the absence of hair than they are by the absence of clothes.

 

I wish I could clothe them all, some new skin, impervious to branding and scraping and pickling. I wish I could offer them something more than day-old fish and rough cotton bedding fresh from the dryer. I wish we didn’t have to watch the sunset through the windows of a former guitar factory, where the only music is the buzzing and whirring of machines in the belly of a building with a lust for our blood.

Click here to download Part II

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Ring of Fire...

The Moon’s orbit about the Earth is not perfectly circular, so that at different times the Moon can be slightly closer or further away than usual. This composite shot shows the progress of an annular eclipse in May 2013.
Credit: Jia Hao | The National Maritime Museum | Royal Observatory Greenwich’s Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2013

The sun will look like a ring of fire above some remote parts of the world next Tuesday (April 29) during a solar eclipse, but most people around the world won't get a chance to see it.



Whereas lunar eclipses occur only when there's a full moon, and solar eclipses only happen during a new moon. Half the world saw a lunar eclipse during the full moon on April 15. When a lunar eclipse occurs, it usually means there is also a solar eclipse at the preceding or following new moon.



Tuesday's solar eclipse is known as an "annular" — rather than "total" — lunar eclipse. That’s because Tuesday's eclipse will occur when the moon is close to its farthest distance from the Earth, making it too small to cover the sun completely. The resulting effect looks like a ring of fire, called an “annulus,” appears around the silhouette of the moon. ['Ring of Fire' Annular Solar Eclipse of April 29, 2014 (Visibility Maps)]



But most people won't see the whole eclipse. The only place in the world where this annular eclipse will be visible is a small area in Antarctica. However, partial phases of the eclipse will be visible in other places. Most of those areas are in the ocean — rarely traveled ocean, in fact — but the entire continent of Australia will get a good view.



Space.com: Solar Eclipse Will Transform Sun into 'Ring of Fire' Next Week, Geoff Gaherty

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Doing Commissions!

Hey BSFS! 

For those of you who know me, you know that not only do I write sci-fi and fantasy, but I also do artwork -most of it being of characters and places in my stories.  If you check out some of the picture postings on my page, you'll see some of my work, and if you've been following my webcomic, Wild Space Saga, then you've gotten a pretty good taste of it.  

So, I'm writing this because I'm offering commission work.  I've decided that my money needs require that I start plying my trade.  I offer commission work IRL as well, but of course the curse of the artist prevails (people balk once they realize you want them to pay you for your work).  So I'm hoping I can get some offers here on DA. 

I'm best at drawing characters; as you can see in my gallery, that's my strong suit.  I recommend you peruse my gallery in order to gauge my style before making an offer.  Unfortunately, I am not good at designing anything mechanical, so I will not accept requests for any kinds of vehicles or machines. And am only passable at drawing buildings, so I will have to consider the complexity of the design before I will accept this.

(As an aside, I'm just starting to learn how to render images using programs like Paint.net -You can see examples of those in my "My Alien Girlfriend" work on my main DeviantArt page, and my character designs in my Wild Space Saga Deviantart page  - so if you want those, we'll have to negotiate a generally higher price.)

Otherwise, my standard charges are as follows.  I charge $20 for black and white images (inked with shading by pencil), and $50 for color images (color pencil or Copics, though I am more skilled with color pencils), with $10 in advance for b&w and $20 in advance for color.  If a request goes outside of my comfort zone, I may charge more, but that is negotiable.  

I will accept 5 commissions (1 per person, please) this month with a deadline of May 20th for submissions, or until the quota is full -whichever comes first.  This is all I can do in a reasonable amount of time.  

So if you would like me to do a commission, please contact me here, or by e-mail at khyron20@gmail.com.  Thank you very much for your time, and I hope to get your patronage!  

-Brandon Hill

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Here is my latest blog post and book review:

New Sci-Fi/Fantasy Novelist and Screenwriter, Colby R. Rice has a great debut novel on her hands.

Ghosts of Koa, the first novel in The Books Of Ezekiel, is set in a dystopian, urban-fantasy world dominated by political and social unrest of two factions. The Civil and Alchemic Order are those factions, human and magic (Alchemy) wielding others. Despite a truce between them, the behind the scene machinations of politicians and insurgents (Ghosts) threaten what civility exists. In the midst of violence, betrayal and daily survival is our teenage hero, Zeika Anon.

Read the rest here:

GHOSTS OF KOA by Colby R. Rice

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