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Einstein, Entropy and Information...


...as explained by one of the smartest physicists I know!

James Clerk Maxwell formulated the equations that describe electricity and magnetism. He was Einstein's hero! Both are the reason why we're in the age of laptops and I-phones.

Physics Colloquium, University of Texas Physics Department. Mark has a process that's a little more efficient than Steven Chu's (yes, THAT Steven Chu). It's worth your time to watch this presentation, and seek out colloquium wherever you are. Science is open and a social endeavor.

Something I used to enjoy in Texas, that I admittedly miss...
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Surely Not Joking...

Electrons traveling through two slits and a single slit

Physicists in the US and Canada say that they have done the best job yet of realizing Richard Feynman's famous thought experiment about how single electrons pass through two slits. Although the researchers are not the first to recreate the experiment in the lab, they say that their incarnation best captures the essence of the original exercise.

 

Feynman originally outlined his thought experiment in volume three of his famous series The Feynman Lectures on Physics as a way of illustrating wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics. In the book, he invites the reader to imagine firing individual electrons through two slits and then marking the position where each electron strikes a screen behind the slits.

 

After many electrons have passed through the slits, the marks on the screen will comprise a diffraction pattern – illustrating the wave-like behaviour of each electron. But if one were to cover up one of the slits so that each electron could only pass through the other slit, the diffraction pattern would not appear – showing that each electron does indeed travel through both slits.

 

Physics World: Feynman's double-slit experiment gets a makeover
Feynman Physics Lectures: Site Link and You Tube Channel

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Phaser Effect...



The theoretical foundations for the laser were established in 1917, when Einstein formulated the quantum theory of radiation, describing the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. Its realization stayed hidden for decades, however, before it emerged in the form of masers and lasers, which emit microwave and visible radiation, respectively. The range of emitted frequencies was soon broadened to cover wavelengths from the infrared to the x-ray range, and lasing was extrapolated beyond the realm of optics. Free-electron lasers, in which the active medium is a relativistic electron beam, helped cover extreme wavelength ranges and are now the basis for a new generation of experimental facilities for x-ray experiments. Atom lasers—emitting matter waves instead of photons—have also been demonstrated. Recently, the laser idea was extended to sound waves, leading to the conceptualization of the acoustic analog of a laser, which emits phonons (lattice vibrations) instead of photons. Now, writing in Physical Review Letters, Imran Mahboob at the NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Japan, and colleagues report on the experimental demonstration of a purely mechanical counterpart of a three-level laser scheme [1]. The device, excited by acoustic vibrations, amplifies sound waves through stimulated emission of phonons and acts as a phonon laser: a spectrally pure source of phonons with a frequency of around 1.7 megahertz (MHz).



What is the appeal of phonon lasers? One potential advantage is that their emission has smaller wavelength than that of photon lasers at the same frequency because the sound speed is much smaller than the speed of light. This could help improve the resolution of tomographic, ultrasound, and other imaging techniques. In analogy with their optical cousins, phonon lasers might deliver directional and coherent acoustic beams, which could be coupled to nanoscale mechanical engines or used in communication networks based on acoustic waves. But as the history of optical lasers suggests, most applications of future phonon lasers may be completely unexpected.

The Trekkie in me notes: from the phonon pump, the upper-to-intermediate level transition is called "Phaser Emission." Wonder if there's a stun setting?

American Physical Society: Lasers of Pure Sound

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Photo Realistic Art

 

 

Kelcin Okafor

 

"We've seen our fair share of talented photorealist artists go viral, from Paul Cadden to Diego Fazio. But never before have we been privy to the painstaking process of creating such a detailed masterpiece. That is, until we discovered Kelvin Okafor's videos."

"The London artist's hyperrealistic graphite drawings look far more like photographs than pencil on paper. For skeptics, Okafor provides proof of his works' handmade history by posting the evolution of his pieces online, via photos on his blog and through entrancing YouTube videos."

"The artist describes himself on Twitter as "highly interested in detail and precision," and we can't help but agree."

 

 

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Omega Nexus! Omega Awesome!

Last year I watched the best superhero movie I’d ever had the pleasure of seeing: The Avengers. Very recently I finished reading a book that if turned into a live action movie would be a sweeping effects laden spectacle on par with-even exceeding the Avengers. The Omega Nexus, by Roger Reece and Peter Reece, centers around a young man named Ty Slade who discovers that he is an Ascended, a human being with extraordinary abilities. Eventually, circumstances force him to reunite with members of a group also possessing Ascended abilities. The group, called the Omega Nexus, is led by a brilliant scientist, Dr. Brown who, during the Cold War, worked in a secret government program tasked with creating super soldiers. His former partner turned enemy, General Lassiter, controls an opposing organization bent on using Ascended persons to conquer the world.

From there, the action is fast, furious and uncompromising. The superhero/villain clashes explode from the pages with an intensity that brings to mind episodes of Justice League. Omega Nexus is a fun page-turner with the promise of more sequels to come. I’ll be waiting! 

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Fermi Bubbles, Dark Matter...



In 2011, an analysis of data from a NASA Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope turned up massive, previously unseen galactic structures. A group of astrophysicists located two massive bubbles of plasma, now know as "Fermi Bubbles," each extending tens of thousands of light-years, emitting high-energy radiation above and below the plane of the galaxy. The structure spans more than half of the visible sky, from the constellation Virgo to the constellation Grus, and it may be millions of years old.

 

Now, more recently, in 2013, astrophysicists Dan Hooper of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Tracy Slatyer at Princeton University, have published a study suggesting that a massive outflow of charged particles from Fermi bubbles, as they are known, outflows of charged particles (gamma rays) traveling at nearly a third the speed of light from the center of the Milky Way galaxy, may be partly due to collisions between dark matter particles that result in their annihilation, and the subsequent creation of the building blocks of visible matter—charged particles that appear as two lobes or "bubbles," above and below the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.

 

Another possibility includes a particle jet from the supermassive black hole at the galactic center.

 

Daily Galaxy: Colossal Bubbles at Milky Way's Plane --"May Be the Annihilation of Dark Matter"

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I see a lot of people using Daz Studio to create African characters to put in their stories or use as illustrations for books, book covers, comic books, etc. In this Daz Studio 4.5 tutorial by Keith D Young you will learn how to put together a basic 3 point lighting set-up that will enhance your 3D renders of Daz characters to make them look more realistic and dynamic.

This is a BASIC Tutorial that is suitable for beginners, though some advanced users may find it helpful, because not only will you learn HOW to create the light set, but you will also be shown WHY this will make your renders better.

This is NOT the definitive lighting tutorial, but you WILL find in it a way to create a great base to start from to enhance the quality of your Daz 3D renders.

I also show you a really cool Photoshop trick to really make your 3D renders appear to jump of the page. Enjoy!

P.S. Please let me know if you're interested in more tutorials of this type as I can create a COMPREHENSIVE 3D video tutorial series that will help all you Daz artists out there take your renders to the next level!

P.S.S. Please let me know how much would you be willing to invest in this type of training?

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Atomic Collapse...

An artificial atomic nucleus made up of five charged calcium dimmers is centered in an atomic-collapse electron cloud (Image courtesy of Michael Crommie) 



The first experimental observation of a quantum mechanical phenomenon that was predicted nearly 70 years ago holds important implications for the future of graphene-based electronic devices. Working with microscopic artificial atomic nuclei fabricated on graphene, a collaboration of researchers led by scientists with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have imaged the “atomic collapse” states theorized to occur around super-large atomic nuclei.



Atomic collapse is one of the holy grails of graphene research, as well as a holy grail of atomic and nuclear physics,” says Michael Crommie, a physicist who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division and UC Berkeley’s Physics Department. “While this work represents a very nice confirmation of basic relativistic quantum mechanics predictions made many decades ago, it is also highly relevant for future nanoscale devices where electrical charge is concentrated into very small areas.”



Crommie is the corresponding author of a paper describing this work in the journal Science. The paper is titled “Observing Atomic Collapse Resonances in Artificial Nuclei on Graphene.” Co-authors are Yang Wang, Dillon Wong, Andrey Shytov, Victor Brar, Sangkook Choi, Qiong Wu, Hsin-Zon Tsai, William Regan, Alex Zettl, Roland Kawakami, Steven Louie, and Leonid Levitov.



Originating from the ideas of quantum mechanics pioneer Paul Dirac, atomic collapse theory holds that when the positive electrical charge of a super-heavy atomic nucleus surpasses a critical threshold, the resulting strong Coulomb field causes a negatively charged electron to populate a state where the electron spirals down to the nucleus and then spirals away again, emitting a positron (a positively–charged electron) in the process. This highly unusual electronic state is a significant departure from what happens in a typical atom, where electrons occupy stable circular orbits around the nucleus.
 
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I am ever on the lookout for good black characters in the world of comics, animation and video games and today I stumbled across a great article about the black female protagonist in the PS Vita game Assassins Creed 3: Liberation.


This interview with Jill Murray, one of the writers who worked on the game, discusses the origins and the process behind creating this complex heroine of French and Haitian descent.

Link to the article - http://kotaku.com/5987083/this-assassins-creed-heroine-is-a-great-black-game-character-heres-how-it-happened

Check it out, then let me know what you think! :-)

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Peter and the Little Boy Eater

Every couple years I dust this story off and see if there’s anything I can do with it.  I wrote Peter and the Little Boy Eater for a correspondence class I was taking (Children’s something or other) way back in ’98 or so.  It’s gone through several iterations, including an almost complete rewrite after I lost the revision I was happy with.

But every time I sent it to an agent or a publisher, I always got a rejection.  I never got a specific reason why, but it never went anywhere.  Yesterday, while out with my ladies, we stopped at Barnes and Noble.  We were in the children’s section and I was walking around with my daughter when I spotted the book, I Need My Monster. My wife and I both read it and the first thing that popped into my head was, ‘Hey, this might not be a bad place to submit my children’s story to’. 

After getting home, I opened it, read it over a little, got on Flashlightpress.com’s website and looked over a few of their titles.  Even though Monster seemed in the same vein, I wasn’t sure about mine because it’s a rhyming children’s story.  But what do you know, they have a book titled, That Cat Can’t Stay and it’s told in rhyme!  So I’ve already sent this off as of Sunday night and hopefully I’ll hear something positive in the next couple weeks.

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Faceoff - The Walking Dead

Some interesting developments in tonight’s episode.  How many times did you think the very thing that couldn’t have happened?  That either Rick or the Governor would shoot the other person.  There’s much too much that needs to happen before either man kills the other, but that eventuality shouldn’t have come as a surprise for a show that’s known for surprises.  I do have to revise what I think is going to happen: the Governor is going to be killed by a woman, but the question is who?

  • Maggie- sexually assaulted by him, still seems to be in shock somewhat.
  • Michonne- the favorite as she probably would make it hurt the worst.
  • Andrea- she has the best chance considering she’s the only one who has any kind of window of opportunity that doesn’t involve a preceding hail of bullets.

If there’s justice, it’ll be Maggie.  Michonne already got his eye and Andrea, although she’s seeing things a lot more clearly, needs to come off as wishy-washy still for the sake of the show.  I think the war will happen, the crew that Rick kicked out the prison will be involved, and two to three core cast members will die.  Maybe Hershel because he’s living on borrowed time anyway, right?  Or Carol, I mean, now that she won’t be midwifing for anyone, what’s her purpose?  We already had someone without survival skills get on a learning curve and that was Andrea.  And if she dies, that leaves Darryl someone else to pine after and further drives a wedge between him and Merle (if Merle survives, that is–which he won’t).

But don’t be surprised if the Governor is still alive come the season finale.  He may yet have more harm to do.

 

Check out Jay Rauld's The Prophet

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The Last Divide

The Internet spawned many an unusual technology but none as strange as the Death-Web; a way to allow users to communicate after death with notations, salutations, benedictions and predictions pre-programmed before a person died; a message-in-a-bottle through Time.

Its early adopters were people who knew their impeding time drew near and wanted to leave data-rich missives to loved ones. The terminally ill found it to be of great comfort knowing they could leave messages on anniversaries, birthdays and other important milestones.

But like all things internet others soon found unexpected uses for the idea and began leaving predictions of the future, sometimes of technology, others of faith, some of war and occasionally a well-connected master gardener or farmer might leave a local almanac of planting seasons.

Eventually, it found followers among the technorati who wanted to have an opinion about everything even if they had already died. The technorati and futurists predicted technologies decades into the future and configured the Death-Web to release them upon their death. Keyword algorithms would release their predictions either on the date they were programmed for or in concert with news from active data streams indicating their prediction had come true sooner than expected. To be fair, most tech pundits weren't good at prognostication, but as more of them passed on, that changed.

Living wills were composed on the Death-Web with pre-programmed videos of people mooning hated relatives and leaving vast fortunes to a favored cat or dog. Cuckolded husbands were told off by browbeaten wives, dark secrets revealed to angry children who could no longer take revenge on loathsome parents. As terrible as these things seem, beautiful things were left as well. Graduation videos, songs for anniversaries, still-living eulogies delivered by the Dead at their own funerals.

The Death-Web grew along side the internet, a morbid shadow mimicking life so well, after a while, it began to have an existence all to itself, with predictions for everything from weather, to the stock exchange, world politics and even celebrity gossip. Ten years of Oscar predictions and the Death-Web was always better at picking movies than the living were.

At some point the Live-Web and the Death-Web began to share information, at first tangentially, communication with the Dead were marked as such. Then invisibly, without fanfare, without people being made aware, the Dead were again, among the living. Software algorithms were written which could take an existing stream of social media and extrapolate from the Dead's living stream of choices what choices they might make of new things and ideas. These Amalgams of the social media of a now Dead person, could continue if they chose, to share, curate, and even hold limited conversations with the Living.

Then people began to realize something strange. Not that this wasn't already strange; something really strange. The Dead were right more often than the Living about almost everything.

No one was sure why this was true. Was it a side effect of people only willing to be honest when they had no stake in the game? Were people who knew they were going to die, revealing secrets they would never tell anyone while they were alive? This was a talk show subject of statistical debate for nearly ten years, while the Death-Web grew larger and more accepted worldwide. As families continued to support and pay for services for the Dead, programmers began creating software for the Death-Web at the same rate as any other environment. Companies started developing and harnessing infrastructure for this aberration-turned-engine of prediction.

And then, in a series of events, a group of stockbrokers joined the Death-Web unexpectedly. No one would have noticed them except for their social media streams right after their deaths, predicted an epic crash of the stock markets. All of them. They were dead when their predictions were seen but they had been written while they were alive. At least at first. After their buffered accounts had emptied, their accounts continued to predict the market with alarming accuracy. The source of these predictions could not be ascertained, the only thing known for certain was their accuracy. Soon their calls of collapse were being re-shared, repeated, even cast as news among the Living. And as the market reacted, confidence teetered. Something needed to be done.

Tech-seers, who managed the accounts of the Dead, sought out tampering because before this trinity, predictions were accurate but sporadic. The stopped clock metaphor was liberally applied. The Stockbroker Trinity's predictions were not a single event but a stream of events which predicted the slow transformation of the economy and the eventual failure of commerce from a single series of purchases of stock. They told who would make the stocks buys, why they would, and what the result would be. The Tech-seers found no explanation and repeated the mantra "The Living guess, the Dead know" and continued in their work. Their research revealed no tampering and yet these three brokers would consistently predict the stock market for the next two years. After their deaths. Accurately. In a way no living person had or could. They became more successful in death than they ever were in life.

The government monitored the Death-Web much like they did any other social media network. Initially, no one considered anything said there to be of any import, but as time progressed, the Death-stream was a better predictor of human behavior than anything seen before it. Local skirmishes, the next meme, the next great celebrity, the Death-Web was a form of social consciousness, un-tethered from the meat which once created it, unconstrained, un-repentant and alarmingly accurate. No one was ever able to take credit for its capabilities, and once the Deathstream software was ubiquitous, freely given away on the Internet, it was unable to be stopped. It has become a network unto itself.

When the three brokers and their attendant social media streams predicted the market more accurately than living economists, this was not lost on national security agencies, which made every effort to find the companies involved in their predictions and quietly derail their corporate structures in a effort to prevent the impending economic collapse. Their efforts were successful and the predictions of the three brokers, for a time were broken. The Trinity was dead. Again.

The CEO and the board of directors of the corporation upon whom the blame was being placed for this barely averted collapse were killed in a plane crash in the Swiss Alps. Though the outcome was considered tragic, the problem was resolved to the satisfaction of the three-letter agencies worldwide.

The stock market did not collapse and the Death-Web, now behind closed doors called the Seer-web, had proven its value as a potential tool of social management. For another decade, Humanity and its data shadow moved in step, one arrogant in life, the other truthful in death. And three-letter agencies everywhere trembled in fear; for what can you hold over the Dead to keep any secret?

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The Last Divide © Thaddeus Howze 2011. All Rights Reserved

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Matter-Antimatter...

Figure 1: See link for descriptions

While quantum mechanics is by now a well-established theory, it nonetheless still fascinates both newcomers and experts alike with unusual phenomena. The paradox of Schrödinger’s cat and the subtleties of the two-slit interference are timeless classics. Another less-familiar quantum effect, the oscillations of neutral mesons (bound states of a quark and an antiquark), has also intrigued legions of physicists for nearly sixty years [1]. These mesons oscillate back and forth between particle and antiparticle states. The theoretical ideas underlying this behavior involve concepts that are woven deeply into the history of particle physics. In Physical Review Letters, the LHCb Collaboration has now reported [2] the first significant single-measurement observation of oscillations in the neutral D -meson system.

American Physical Society: Viewpoint: Observing Matter-Antimatter Oscillations

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Brief Excerpt from The Elements Book I

“Zuri, the flesh must be divided evenly.” instructed Leena, pointing to her too generous cuts of the meat given to them by the recently returned warriors. 

 

“You mean less the largest portion which goes to the Queen.” The young woman stopped cutting the flesh in front of her, took a deep breath and started dividing the portions already cut into smaller pieces.

 

“I hear she doesn't even eat it.” said another.

 

“She doesn't. She says the meat from wild beasts smells bad. I tell her that it's all of the meat we have now. She just drinks the muthi and makes me take the stew away most days– I give it to the those in need of it.” said Olufemi. 

 

“You give it to Wasswa.” teased Nia as she walked by Olufemi carrying a basket full of fruit that somehow she had to divide between so many. 

 

“We give the best to the King's family while the people are starving. It isn't enough and it never is.” said Olufemi. 

 

“You can ignore me all you want Olufemi but I see the way he looks at you...and you he.”

 

“He is a warrior and I am a servant, bound to the king and his family. These eyes wander no further than the Queen's izindlu.” said Olufemi without looking up from her task.

 

“We do as we are told and we are lucky to have this much meat. The days of hunger will end and we will have rain again. King Nkosana has shared this from the ancestors, that we will suffer for a short time and the Kishnu will kneel at our feet. It is prophesy!”

 

"Yes, Leena of course." said Olufemi, nodding her head in agreement.

 

“Leena, you are old and sound just like the King. Do you have any thoughts that are your own? I'm tired of the prophesy and I want to eat everyday. I'm tired of hearing about the ancestors, what about the living? Why can't we till the soil or go fishing in the sea for ourselves? Why must only Nkosana provide?!” asked Nia for the third time since the last rain.

 

Without a warning, the elder cook rushed to the girl, raised her right hand up above her, landing it across her left cheek with so much force the girl staggered backwards. All of the others stood where they were, speechless. The young cook's pride alone was enough of a dam to keep tears from her face. She raised her hands to the left side of her face for a moment, then dropped them and faced Leena as if she was ready to strike her back. 

 

“Nkosana comes from a line of kings too great in number for you to count, child. He has always provided us with food even when the land refuses. We don't have to sweat in the hot sun or suffer the dangers at sea like Kishnu women – faces painted black, climbing trees,weapons in hand like men, with not a trace of themselves left recognizable, except for bosoms. Your tongue is a young child running ahead, beyond the reach of your father's spear, into the jaws of a lion. Our duty is to prepare the food given to us by our king. Never again let Nkosana's name pass your lips unless followed by praise or gratitude.”

 

Copyright 2012 All Rights Reserved.

 

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The saga of the Osguards continues in Malcolm Dylan Petteway's third book in the series, Osguards: Armageddon. And what a thrill it is! The author truly turns it up a notch. Book One chronicled Laurona and Nausona Osguard's Earthbound experiences prior to the founding of the Universal Science, Security and Trade Association of Planets. In Book Two, war continues to rage between USSTAP and its implacable enemy, the Kulusks. Armageddon rips away the curtain to reveal the shadowy, driving force behind the Kulusk's war on USSTAP: the Tuits, a warlike Amazonian race that rules over a domain far larger than USSTAP. When these two mighty polities clash, the universe itself is ripped asunder in a horrific welter of bloody conflict that will see entire star systems washed away in a broiling tide of destruction. And that's just the tip of the iceberg. Tentacles of intrigue weaves fluidly through this tale, extending from the top levels of USSTAP authority to a White House administration thirsting for the benefits of USSTAP technology.

There are heroes and villains in this book, but the heroes are flawed and the villains' motivations bear traces of nobility. The excitement the author delivers in this third installment is threefold. Osguards: Armageddon is a delectable read that will leave you, as it left me, wondering what the author will have in store for us in Book Four. I can't wait to find out!

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3D Moonbase...

Ars Technica

The first lunar base on the Moon may not be built by human hands, but rather by a giant spider-like robot built by NASA that can bind the dusty soil into giant bubble structures where astronauts can live, conduct experiments, relax or perhaps even cultivate crops.



We've already covered the European Space Agency's (ESA) work with architecture firm Foster + Partners on a proposal for a 3D-printed moonbase, and there are similarities between the two bases—both would be located in Shackleton Crater near the Moon's south pole, where sunlight (and thus solar energy) is nearly constant due to the Moon's inclination on the crater's rim, and both use lunar dust as their basic building material. However, while the ESA's building would be constructed almost exactly the same way a house would be 3D-printed on Earth, this latest wheeze—SinterHab—uses NASA technology for something a fair bit more ambitious.

 

Ars Technica: Giant NASA spider robots could 3D print lunar base

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“You will be torn apart by bullets or teeth.”
Now if you don’t see the huge parallels between Rick and Morgan, then you’re not paying attention. Two fathers, two husbands, two men who should have kept their families safe, both failed or failing.
Morgan is Rick (he’s also the Governor, but more on that in a moment) which means he wears the weight of responsibility for the people around him. I imagine Rick would have been very much the same way had he lost Lori and Carl. He’s halfway to being like Morgan having only lost his wife. And it’s all so important to remember what Morgan said when he saw Rick’s face. You’re wearing a dead man’s face. That’s just another way of saying he’s seeing a ghost. Just like Rick currently is.

I have to amend my predictions a little here. Now that we know the shooter is Morgan, don’t expect they’re partying ways with tonight’s episode to be the last we see of him. Morgan is going to be the person who saves Rick. When he said that Rick would die, that the good guys die and the bad guys die, but weak people like him survive, that’s a bit of foreshadowing. Expect Morgan to play a part in the resolution of this season. With Morgans ability to make traps and his plethora of weapons, Rick’s group is going to be pinned down and just wanted looks like they are on the verge of being overwhelmed, Morgan will arrive.

He will save Rick from death and trade places with him. Morgan will either kill the Governor directly or setup the circumstance which results in his death.
The real question is, who will the Governor take with him?

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First Breath

I repost this poem from time to time to remind myself of why I write... and because I love it :). Namaste Fam!

 

(for my man Quinton Veal, my children and my beautiful, beautiful writing famiy)

With blood beating at my temples

and horizons beckoning for discovery

land, magical strange taboo

waited for my pen

Miles and Coltrane's nightingales

awoke to trill of moonbeams

and desire

Zora,Langston and Octavia whispered: "We waiting

on you, you better create worlds..."

 


That's I when I knew it was time to speak

rivers-- funky motifs

rip a piece of soulful sinew

Sweeten it

Season it

cry loud my passion

 

And shards of gold flecked violet

split the air with sound and fury!

With laughter, love and tears

I touched my lips to them

breathed life into these spirits

freed them to walk across

the page

 


In that hour liberation found me

In that hour I embraced her

And gave voice to my writing hand

Copyright 2009 Valjeanne Jeffers

Published in Liberated Muse: How I Freed My Soul Vol I

Available at http://www.OutskirtsPress.com/LiberatedMuse

 

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