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Ain't Misbehavin'...

A display from the Large Hadron Collider's LHCb experiment shows the paths of particles such as leptons created in the collision of two protons at the accelerator. LHCb and another accelerator experiment, Belle, have found preliminary evidence that leptons do not obey the known laws of physics.

CERN/LHCb Collaboration


Topics: High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, LHC, Particle Physics, Standard Model, Theoretical Physics


Right or wrong, the cultural reference to the blog title here.

At the smallest scales, everything in the universe can be broken down into fundamental morsels called particles. The Standard Model of particle physics—the reigning theory of these morsels—describes a small collection of known species that combine in myriad ways to build the matter around us and carry the forces of nature. Yet physicists know that these particles cannot be all there is—they do not account for the dark matter or dark energy that seem to contribute much of the universe’s mass, for example. Now two experiments have observed particles misbehaving in ways not predicted by any known laws of physics, potentially suggesting the existence of some new type of particle beyond the standard zoo. The results are not fully confirmed yet, but the fact that two experiments colliding different types of particles have seen a similar effect, and that hints of this behavior also showed up in 2012 at a third particle collider, has many physicists animated. “It’s really bizarre,” says Mark Wise, a theorist at the California Institute of Technology who was not involved in the experiments. “The discrepancy is large and it seems like it’s on very sound footing. It’s probably the strongest, most enduring deviation we’ve seen from the Standard Model.” Finding such a crack in the Standard Model is exciting because it suggests a potential path toward expanding the model beyond those particles currently known.

The eyebrow-raising results come from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland and the Belle experiment at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. Both observed an excess of certain types of leptons compared to others produced when particles called B mesons (made of a bottom quark and an antiquark) decay. Leptons are a category of particles that includes electrons, as well as their heavier cousins muons and taus. A Standard Model principle known as lepton universality says that all leptons should be treated equally by the weak interaction, the fundamental force responsible for radioactive decay. But when the experiments observed a large number of B meson decays, which should have produced equal numbers of electrons, muons and taus among their final products (after the different masses of the particles are taken into account), the decays actually made more taus.

Scientific American:
2 Accelerators Find Particles That May Break Known Laws of Physics
Clara Moskowitz

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Schrödinger's Bacterium...

Electron microscope image of the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides, which could someday be put in a quantum superposition. (Courtesy: Thomas Deerinck, NCMIR/Science Photo Library)


Topics: Biology, Quantum Mechanics, Schrödinger's cat, Superconductivity, Research


A proposal for putting a living bacterium into a superposition of quantum states has been unveiled by physicists in the US and China. If successful, the experiment would be the first realization – albeit microscopic – of Schrödinger's famous thought experiment involving a cat in a box that is simultaneously alive and dead until an observer makes a measurement by peering into the box. As well as improving our understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics, the researchers say that their proposed experiment could also yield a new technique for monitoring defects in biological molecules.

Superposition is a quirky property of the quantum world that allows a physical system such as an atom or photon to exist in two or more quantum states, until a measurement is made on it. In recent years, physicists have created superposition states using inanimate objects of increasing size, from electrons and photons to atoms, molecules and even tiny mechanical systems. Now, Tongcang Li* of Purdue University and Zhang-Qi Yin of Tsinghua University propose doing the same thing with a living object – a tiny bacterium – to realize a version of Schrödinger's cat.

The proposal involves a tiny mechanical oscillator built by John Teufel and colleagues at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Colorado. That oscillator is an aluminium disc 15 μm across and 100 nm thick that forms the upper plate of a capacitor within a superconducting inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit. In 2011 Teufel's group was able to put the mechanical oscillator in its quantum ground state. This was done by first cooling the apparatus in a cryostat and then subjecting the oscillator to "sideband cooling", which involves coupling its mechanical vibrations to microwave radiation.

* Dr. Tongcang Li was Dr. Mark G. Raizen's former PhD student, University of Texas, Austin; my distinct honor to know both gentlemen.

Physics World:
Could 'Schrödinger's bacterium' be placed in a quantum superposition?
Edwin Cartlidge

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Molecules of Light...

Researchers show that two photons, depicted in this artist’s conception as waves (left and right), can be locked together at a short distance. Under certain conditions, the photons can form a state resembling a two-atom molecule, represented as the blue dumbbell shape at center.

Credit: E. Edwards/JQI


Topics: Optics, Physics Humor, Quantum Mechanics, Research, Science Fiction, Star Wars


No, "The Force is [not yet] with us Young Skywalker," but it is an interesting application you might soon find on your next gadget purchase, i.e. using photons instead of electrons switching states to carry information.

It’s not lightsaber time, not yet. But a team including theoretical physicists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has taken another step toward building objects out of photons, and the findings* hint that weightless particles of light can be joined into a sort of “molecule” with its own peculiar force.

The findings build on previous research that several team members contributed to before joining NIST. In 2013, collaborators from Harvard, Caltech and MIT found a way to bind two photons together so that one would sit right atop the other, superimposed as they travel. Their experimental demonstration was considered a breakthrough, because no one had ever constructed anything by combining individual photons—inspiring some to imagine that real-life lightsabers were just around the corner.

Now, in a paper forthcoming in Physical Review Letters, the NIST and University of Maryland-based team (with other collaborators) has showed theoretically that by tweaking a few parameters of the binding process, photons could travel side by side, a specific distance from each other. The arrangement is akin to the way that two hydrogen atoms sit next to each other in a hydrogen molecule.

* M.F. Maghrebi, M.J. Gullans, P. Bienias, S. Choi, I. Martin, O. Firstenberg, M.D. Lukin, H.P. Büchler and A. V. Gorshkov. Coulomb Bound States of Strongly Interacting Photons. Physical Review Letters, September 16, 2015.

NIST: Physicists Show ‘Molecules’ Made of Light May Be Possible, Chad Boutin

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Exploring Physics...

Image source: Link below


Topics: Education, Economy, Humor, Jobs, STEM


A group of educational researchers have created an app for iOS, Android, PCs, and Macs, to teach physics to 9-graders. I'm a strong advocate of Physics-Chemistry-Biology, the reverse of how science is taught in high schools now.

The app, Exploring Physics, is meant to take particular physics curriculum already being taught in a number of public school districts, including Columbia's, and make it available digitally. The Exploring Physics curriculum app is designed to replace traditional lecture-based learning with discussions and hands-on experiments.

“The idea in the app is to have students learn by doing stuff,” said Meera Chandrasekhar, the co-creator of the app and a curators' teaching professor in the MU Department of Physics and Astronomy. “Even though it’s a digital app, it actually involves using quite a lot of hands-on materials.”

I thought this was a neat app to have and use. Teachers: See if your districts fund this for you. Students: You're likely not going to be able to use it DURING exams. Use it to reinforce your understanding of lecture and notes. The best apps of all are your eyes, ears, attention and participation.

Again, I get nothing except one, self-serving thing: a replacement workforce for when I retire. Call it my "school-to-STEM" pipeline.
Image source: Link below

Site: Exploring Physics

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Brain Freeze...

A scan of a young woman’s brain after being frozen.


Topics: Biology, NASA, Pseudoscience, Science Fiction, Space Exploration


A staple of science fiction on Einstein-relativistic terms has always been "sleeper ships," as you'll see at the link, NASA has funded a study. You'll see them in Star Trek or the Alien/Prometheus products, and most recently Interstellar. Essentially, you would go into a hibernation, whereby your vitals would be slowed to a crawl, and things like power, lighting and food for long journeys would be minimized, at least until so-called warp drive. Like Rumpelstiltskin, you would wake up out-of-time, but farther (and further ahead in time) than where you'd started. Brief sleeping and wake periods for say, a trip to Mars, this still may be possible. The other staple of speculative fiction is uploading oneself to a state of continuance/immortality. This article seems to throw some shade on such a special iconic wish, which may turn out to be just that...

I woke up on Saturday to a heartbreaking front-page article in the New York Times about a terminally ill young woman who chooses to freeze her brain. She is drawn into a cottage industry spurred by “transhumanist” principles that offers to preserve people in liquid nitrogen immediately after death and store their bodies (or at least their heads) in hopes that they can be reanimated or digitally replicated in a technologically advanced future.

If we could “upload” or roughly simulate any brain, it should be that of C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans, or roundworms). Yet even with the full connectome in hand, a static model of this network of connections, or connectome, lacks most of the information necessary to simulate the mind of the worm. In short, brain activity cannot be inferred from synaptic neuroanatomy.

MIT Technology Review: The False Science of Cryonics, Michael Hendricks

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Diverse Video Game Streamers - Twitch and Youtube

Those of us who are gamers in this day an age all know of the recent sensation of video game streaming. Now that streaming services like Twitch and YouTube Gaming are available, we are seeing a new wave of content providers in the video content realm.

As a steamer myself, I'm amazed at the collectives and efforts that have been achieved by popular streamers such as Tessachka, Ducksauce, and more as they've managed to gain huge followings where people constantly donate and subscribe to their channels.

In that effort, I've noticed that there aren't any premiere PoC's in that realm...yet. In my strive to be one of thos chosen few, I've teamed up with #TheNetwork via NERD DIGITAL FANZINE, Ladies Of The Round Table, and #DiversifyStreaming2k15 in order to get a bit of exposure for the streaming that I do myself as well as the diverse group of fellow streamers that I've met and network with.

I'd love to try and get this group of streamers together with black game developers so that we can do what is being done with other independent games out there. Exposure on both fronts as well as interviews and simply promoting each other!

Please help out and share if you are in the gaming community. We'd love to get a large community of talented streamers, game devs, and content creators together so that this networking thing can be positive!

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Saturn's Moon Enceladus...

Illustration of the interior of Saturn's moon Enceladus showing a global liquid water ocean between its rocky core and icy crust. Thickness of layers shown here is not to scale.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech


Topics: Moon, NASA, Planets, Planetary Science, Space Exploration


A global ocean lies beneath the icy crust of Saturn's geologically active moon Enceladus, according to new research using data from NASA's Cassini mission.

Researchers found the magnitude of the moon's very slight wobble, as it orbits Saturn, can only be accounted for if its outer ice shell is not frozen solid to its interior, meaning a global ocean must be present.

The finding implies the fine spray of water vapor, icy particles and simple organic molecules Cassini has observed coming from fractures near the moon's south pole is being fed by this vast liquid water reservoir. The research is presented in a paper published online this week in the journal Icarus.

Previous analysis of Cassini data suggested the presence of a lens-shaped body of water, or sea, underlying the moon's south polar region. However, gravity data collected during the spacecraft's several close passes over the south polar region lent support to the possibility the sea might be global. The new results -- derived using an independent line of evidence based on Cassini's images -- confirm this to be the case.

"This was a hard problem that required years of observations, and calculations involving a diverse collection of disciplines, but we are confident we finally got it right," said Peter Thomas, a Cassini imaging team member at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and lead author of the paper.

NASA: Cassini Finds Global Ocean in Saturn's Moon Enceladus

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Heavily Al+ Implanted 4H-SiC...

FIG. 1.
Comparison of (a) the Hall hole density and (b) the Hall hole mobility for 3 × 1020 cm−3 Al + implanted and 2000 °C/30 s MWA 4H-SiC samples, which are different only for the implantation temperature: (close symbols) 300 °C and (open symbols) 400 °C. The experimental data were corrected for contact size systematic error (see text).


Topics: Consumer Electronics, Economy, High Energy Physics, Ion Implantation, Semiconductors

Abstract


The processing parameters which favour the onset of an impurity band conduction around room temperature with a contemporaneous elevated p-type conductivity in Al + implanted 4H-SiC are highlighted by comparing original and literature results. In the examined cases, Al is implanted at 300–400 °C, in concentrations from below to above the Al solubility limit in 4H-SiC (2 × 1020 cm−3) and post implantation annealing temperature is ≥1950 °C. Transport measurements feature the onset of an impurity band conduction, appearing at increasing temperature for increasing Al implant dose, until this transport mechanism is enabled around room temperature. This condition appears suitable to guarantee a thermal stability of the electrical properties. In this study, the heaviest doped and less resistive samples (Al implanted concentration of 5 × 1020 cm−3 and resistivity of about 2 × 10−2 Ω cm) show a carrier density above the Al solubility limit, which is consistent with at least a 50% electrical activation for a 15% compensation. The model of Miller and Abrahams well describes the resistivity data of the lower doped sample, whereas a deviation from the behaviour predicted by such a model is observed in the higher doped specimens, consistent with the occurrence of a variable range hopping at low temperature.

Journal of Applied Physics:
Remarks on the room temperature impurity band conduction in heavily Al+ implanted 4H-SiC
A. Parisini1, M. Gorni1, A. Nath2, L. Belsito3, Mulpuri V. Rao2 and R. Nipoti3

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These are no mere knights, these are the Elite of their respective Orders, and their quarrel is certainly not against mortal men. Journey into and across the eighth infinite realm at the side of its most powerful inherent. Into a world of incontestable majesty that is being bombarded on all sides.

« Come then Gendesh, you called Harvester of Souls, accursed Necromagians, vile conjurers in tow. »

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Light Sails Leakage...

Image Source: MIT Technology Review


Topics: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Space Flight, SETI, Solar Sail


Please note the emoji: \\//_. That Trekkie cred set: It's probably going to be a lot easier to detect civilizations closer, but slightly past our stage of admitted technological adolescence, currently beset and hindered by fear of all things science and willful ignorance. With the noted exception of Star Trek, most of the science fiction I'm reading recently stay in the Einstein-relativistic-speeds range, along with the effects of time dilation to their plot twists. If an intelligence has begun to at least explore their own outer planets, maybe...just maybe there's hope that we'll survive our own hubris.

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: Light sails are a promising way of exploring star systems. If other civilizations use them, these sails should be visible from Earth, say astrophysicists.

Abstract


The primary challenge of rocket propulsion is the burden of needing to accelerate the spacecraft's own fuel, resulting in only a logarithmic gain in maximum speed as propellant is added to the spacecraft. Light sails offer an attractive alternative in which fuel is not carried by the spacecraft, with acceleration being provided by an external source of light. By artificially illuminating the spacecraft with beamed radiation, speeds are only limited by the area of the sail, heat resistance of its material, and power use of the accelerating apparatus. In this paper, we show that leakage from a light sail propulsion apparatus in operation around a solar system analogue would be detectable. To demonstrate this, we model the launch and arrival of a microwave beam-driven light sail constructed for transit between planets in orbit around a single star, and find an optimal beam frequency on the order of tens of GHz. Leakage from these beams yields transients with flux densities of Jy and durations of tens of seconds at 100 pc. Because most travel within a planetary system would be conducted between the habitable worlds within that system, multiply-transiting exoplanetary systems offer the greatest chance of detection, especially when the planets are in projected conjunction as viewed from Earth. If interplanetary travel via beam-driven light sails is commonly employed in our galaxy, this activity could be revealed by radio follow-up of nearby transiting exoplanetary systems. The expected signal properties define a new strategy in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).

Physics arXiv: SETI via Leakage from Light Sails in Exoplanetary Systems
James Guillochon (1), Abraham Loeb (1) ((1) Harvard ITC)

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Reality Since Einstein...

Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein

Topics: Einstein, Special Relativity, General Relativity, Nobel Prize, Spacetime, Steven Weinberg, World Science Festival

A discussion at the World Science Festival with Brian Green, Gabriela González, Samir Mathur, Andrew Strominger, Cumrun Vafa, and fellow Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of Einstein's general theory of relativity, leaders from multiple fields of physics discuss its essential insights, its lingering questions, the latest work it has sparked, and the allied fields of research that have resulted. If not for the modern age of electronics with the Internet, television, smart phones and quantum mechanics, you can at least be thankful to him for your GPS not getting you lost.
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(Into the first string of Bounded Ages)

When the Dragons of the Sainted Mounts came to dwell in the eighth infinite realm some seven millennia ago, lured by its incontestable majesty, the land was already ancient, already ages old, already teeming with a vast array of Elemental kind. Yet, the leave given those repentant beasts, those Dragons, by the governing godheads—to walk the mortal demesne and know life, to roam its set skies and find freedom in flight—came with a price. The tribes of the realm’s center most Divide, unlike their primarily fey southern neighbors, were without hereditary Right, and the nurture and defense of those incapable societies became the Dragons’ cost.

Stymied, those monstrous converts instead conferred a wide range of magics unto five of the thirty or so tribes in existence. In due course, the Lŷʈīr of the sea brushed plains, the Hĕʈädĕlră of the low lying woodlands, the El’sŭūr of the arid western cape, the Hĕmĕt of the bountiful east, and the Aɽmūr of the lush center lands were accorded the ability to transform themselves into the various beasts of the realm. Too, came psychical abilities, such as the prized art of divination—along with an essential wisdom that would eventually allow them to subvert destiny—and the uncanny power to speak into the minds of their fellow men, influence and control them. Yet further, they were granted the secrets to alchemy and necromancy.

The last of the critical Dragon Epochs was brought to a stuttering close by the Reign of the Un-Righted—a minor period that marked the Icarian horde’s first occupation of the Central Divide. That swift and irreverent Reign spanned but a paltry seventy years, yet its effects were far reaching. Elemental kind and the natural mystics descended of them became nearly as lore in the two millennia that followed those transforming seventy, and far less commonplace were those born Righted. Moreover, the Magian tribes, as they eventually became styled, chiefly the El’sŭūr and the Hĕmĕt, became as a scourge to the Central Divide and very nearly to the entire realm. What a stunning travesty of the human spirit were those millenniums, those seven hundred twelve thousand Days of Roving Dissension, for they saw the Sourced Magians become dissolute in regard to their magics, saw them gorge themselves upon that which had been conferred them—and it was that singularly minded greed that brought about the end of the Dragons, with but a lone beast escaping their treacherous thirst for power.

Principally, as the Historicists say, the Days of Roving Dissension began as an almost post-traumatic response to the Icarian occupation. Unsurpassed as their magics became, Magians were not without vulnerability. The brand of power bestowed them was dark, and bore the capacity to injure or kill a Magian in expenditure. In counter, Magians began to channel their magics into tangible articles—scepters, amulets, and less often rings and other forms of metallic jewelry, objects which gained in power as they were handed down from conceder to heritor—and devised a vernacular, Ashvelsūrin, for use in summoning their strengths. Therein, however, lay their debility, for Magians could no longer access their magics once whatever bespelled article that was imbued with their power had been destroyed.

The ruthlessness of the Icarian saw that vulnerability exploited and Magian numbers, long among the smallest tribes, dwindled. In desperation, the Magians turned to the Dragons, but over the long centuries the creatures had grown complacent, disavowing all responsibility to the tribes and retreating into their cavernous dens. Angered, the Magians slew one of the Dragons—Helspeth the Halcyon, a slovenly, solitary thing that had slept for decades in the base of Mount Sale. By way of their contrived spellcraft, the Magians infused the glowing core of Helspeth’s power into a scepter, and with that receptacle’s aid, drove the Icarian from their lands.

Fearing an eventual discovery of their deed and the retribution to be faced, the Magians began to slay the Dragons, waging a war that lasted nigh on a millennium—a war that waxed and waned as the scepter, that much coveted Harvester’s Wrath, changed hands. When but a single Dragon remained—he, Eldevel of the Forbidding Star—the Lord Dragon, truly one of the Earthbound Gods of that larger, illustrious Era, descended from the highest point of the Mountains of Fire, where that fettered godhead had for nigh on six millennia taken his repose. His immense figure eclipsing even that of Eldevel, largest and most fearsome of all the beasts, the Lord Dragon spoke unto the Magians, offering pact and prophecy.

GendeshGoddess of the August Abodethe one called Harvester of Soulsbrought forth unto this realm the Dragonsfor heretofore the first Dragon Epochthey were among the many creatures who guard the Depths of DeathIt was Ithe Lord DragonGod of the Burning MountCrafter of the Temporal Formwho gave unto them their finite structures and consigned them act as protector and pedagogue to man.

As I sleptthe Dragons became self-content, shirking and delegating their duties.

The time will comehoweverwhen once more you find yourselves at your most desolate and you will face the Sainted Mounts and cry out towards thembeseeching aidNone will be forthcomingyou will have rid the realm of DragonsToo, the Era of the Earthbound Gods nears its endwe who are fettered must retake our place amongst the divineSpare this DragonEldevelso that when the time of chaos descends againyou shall through him your salvation find.”

We fear his vengeance,” one among the Magians thinly returned.

Then he shall be bound by obsidian and cast in the Enduring StoneThereEldevel will remain until summoned.”

We possess not the power to influence him”—this from that same Magian. “How will he then be swayed?”

Bring forth five maidens born of those Un-SourcedThey will bear unto you the means of Eldevels summoning and command.”

The Magians presented the Lord Dragon his behest— maidens taken from the Qĕss and the Nălẏr, the Arĕspús and the Dîrînîkă, and lastly the Nǽÿmīr—and he transformed himself into the semblance of a man. He lay with the young women, and upon that very eventide, they bore him each a babe—three sons and two daughters.

I give unto this realm ThérünÁninaXáelIthéanaand Arŏmilthe Dragon Righted who are Dæmonīækĕlwho are possessed of Rights comparable to your own magicsof the Right to call forth the Dragon of the Forbidding Star from his prison of glasshis casing of stoneand of the Right to speak into his mind, to influence and sway him.”

The Magians fell to their knees in obeisance, crying out.

Harken to me!” the godhead necessitated. “Punishment for your misdeeds has not escaped you and the destinies that were once writ for the tribes have now accordingly changedThere are those of you who will repentand in so doingwill find pardon and favor when the time of chaos descends again.

Toothere are those among you who will forever seek to procure that which was never intended for youand when you cannot procure ityou will then seek to bind it to youand when you cannot bind ityou will then seek to destroy itand when you cannot destroy ityou will then seek to make it obsoleteAge into agethe truth of your natures will be revealed and there will be further division and dissension among you as your magics become congruently defined.” Reverting to his imperial dæmonic form, the Lord Dragon then gave edict in a grating and infernal parlance—« HEED ME! »— before speaking yet other words which no tongue but that a blooded god’s can form.

Words that caused the Magians to bend their bodies over the ground, quaking and screaming as they covered ears that had suddenly become blistered and bled. Words that caused lightning to flash across the darkening sky—lightning which then raced down to strike the Dragon’s blood that soaked and stained the sand, turning it to salt. Words that bound Eldevel in obsidian and preserved him in the Enduring Stone. Words that opened the eyes of the newly birthed babes—eyes that brought frightened tears to their mothers and instantly entranced them. Words that returned the five young women and their godkind progeny into the protective folds of their respective tribes.

The Lord Dragon then ascended to the highest peak of the Sainted Mounts and spreading his massive wings, took flight, vanishing into the cosmos.


Click here to read more and follow along or pre-order your copy of the THE NORTHERN DIVIDE today!


Image: Durian - Sintel (black and white / blur adjustments)

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Sticky DNA...

The cells in this microscope image were arranged in three dimensions using a new DNA-based technique. The cells stained green were meant to mimic cells that lead outgrowth during natural organ formation.

Topics: 3D Objects, Additive Manufacturing, Biology, Biophysics, Biomedicine, Computer Science, Mathematical Models

Before scientists can build human organs in the lab, they need to figure out how to build tissues that work like those in the body. A new method, in which DNA acts like Velcro that makes cells stick to each other, could help pave the way toward building functional tissues that might one day comprise organs.

The new method employs DNA strands, attached to the outside of individual cells, to cause them to stick to surfaces—or other cells—that feature complementary strands, and assemble into prescribed arrangements. The researchers use it to programmatically build tissues, layer by layer.

Other groups are taking a range of approaches toward building functional tissues (see “A Manufacturing Tool Builds 3-D Heart Tissue”). But compared to existing 3-D culture methods, the new one provides a greater level of control over “the ultimate tissue architecture,” argue its creators in a recent paper describing the research.

MIT Technology Review: Sticky DNA Could be the Key to Making Organs in a Lab, Mike Orcutt

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ATLAS, CMS and Higgs...

Image Source: Symmetry Magazine (link below)


Topics: CERN, Higgs Boson, High Energy Physics, Particle Physics, Theoretical Physics


It bugs me when someone says "that's how it works 'in theory'" or "it's just a theory, not 'fact'."

"A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation." Wikipedia is about as succinct as you can get. I underlined the keys, and a more adroit point is the Pythagorean Theorem: for right triangles - 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 - it works every time. That's how something works in theory: it is substantiated in experiment, repeated, verified results within a reasonable margin of error; legitimate journal publication after passing an editorial board and ruthless peer review. Conspiracy/Provocateur and other such "theories" are neither: they are merely loudmouthed opinions.

The ATLAS and CMS experiments on the Large Hadron Collider were designed to be partners in discovery.

In 2012, both experiments reported evidence of a Higgs-like boson, the fundamental particle that gives mass to the other fundamental particles.

ATLAS reported the mass of this new boson to be in the mass region of 126 billion electronvolts, and CMS found it to be in the region of 125. In May 2015, the two experiments combined their measurements, refining the Higgs mass closer to 125.09 GeV.

This particular analysis focused on the interaction of the Higgs boson with other particles, known as coupling strength. The combined measurements are more precise than each experiment could accomplish alone, and results establish that the Higgs mechanism grants mass to both the matter and force-carrying particles as predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.

Symmetry Magazine: Combined results find Higgs still standard, Katie Elyce Jones

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Excerpt, "The Heretic in Varied Form"

  1. Fealty

A man who finds nothing but prevarication
in the sing-speak of the faithful,
not strained certainty in the fervent love of the ascetic,
nor doubt in the guileful adoration of the falsely contrite,
not well-disposed visions, the illumination,
the Spirit of the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
nor the propensity for the enactment of the adiamorphic—
devoid of power, such a man came before my sight.

Blessed was this apostate, in earthly circumstance,
but for all the opulence that surrounded him,
he felt chilled to his very inner marrow,
and his eyes, once a lovely shade of wonder,
were dull and gaunt for witnessing malevolence,
abhorrent atrocities committed in the name of whim
by men comparable in fame and legacy to the Pharaohs;
them like the ancient kings had cast out this wanderer.

Chased by the semblance of a bird of ill-omen,
his dreary eyes, so full of confusion and regret,
took in my countenance and the humble cloth
in which I was attired, coverings which could scarcely hide
the awakened intensity within me—his senses stole when
provoked into utter observance (they sought to abet
the revival of his floundered belief), a path,
and spent he installed himself at my side.

Drawn, he reached in daring to touch
the dark mark of subjugation centered upon my forehead,
an abrasion wrought of meticulous prostration
to the fairly universal concept of an Absolute Being.
“I would steal your fealty,” the traveler said, with so much
zeal that I momentarily feared him still black lead,
a failed repossession of probity, a complete negation
of the principles first impressed, urged into diffuse keeping.

Evenly, I beseeched him rest, and together we sat
facing east, feet turned away from that sacred object
before us, the rolling sands unwound, as a hot wind
buffeted our shoulders, a comfort against the cold terrain
stretched for eons in every direction—a prayer mat
placed at the verge of the crossroads to protect
supplicants such as ourselves, those who have sinned,
from balking at the prospect of kneeling before the arcane.

Forgive me,” the nomad said imploringly,
then placed his hand upon mine instead, and I joined them,
touching together the palms, despite the sanctions,
the deterrents long decreed against such fond intimacies.
“What called you here, Traveler?” I inquired kindly,
although I suspected, and professed in future to condemn
his tears, which coursed slow and sullen in fashion
down the length of his hope laden posturing like emissaries

Granted leave to inflict their own brand of misery.
“I followed,” he stammered, “I followed,” he professed
again, “I followed the sound.”
And nodding, I acknowledged, “The steadfast truth—”
it sometimes seemed that they wrested Him from mythology,
and in my failing to accept his divinity, thrice I have stepped
away, refusing the audacity that they compound
which—“wrought my conviction in my pagan youth.

Infancy, more like, for their voices rang
with strength and knowing, through the empty channels
of my mercurial heart, filling it to bursting,
filling it to brim, with every resounding verse
and intoned hymn, their songs and chants began
to quench an unknown thirst, though I sought to dismantle
once, the very foundation of all existence, yearning
for the capacity that lies in oblivion without remorse.”


To read more, download Dues for the Repose: From Words Much Like Poetry Kindle Edition at Amazon.

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"GIVE US BARABBAS"

Illustrations from volume 9 of The Bible and its Story Taught by One Thousand Picture Lessons

Edited by Charles F. Horne and Julius A. Bewer, published 1910.

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CMOS and SET...

(a) SEM image of the e-beam patterned nanoelectrodes (scale bar 20 μm); inset: nanoelectrode structure with 12 nm gap. (b) Room temperature I-V measurements with drain voltage sweeping from 0.1 V to 0.7 V at gate voltage of -12.2V.

Topics: Nanotechnology, Photonics, Semiconductor Technology, Quantum Mechanics

As complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices shrink to sub 5 nm, interference due to quantum size effects becomes unavoidable. Single-electron tunnelling (SET) devices provide a promising alternative for low-power integrated circuits due to their operation at the single electron level. Reporting in Nanotechnology, researchers aim to address this need by fabricating monodisperse ultra-small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited by a CMOS-compatible tilted-target sputtering technique.

Fabrication and integration of monodisperse ~1 nm metal nanoparticles as charge transport islands in a device configuration remains a major challenge in the progress of SET device technology. Here, the researchers deposit AuNPs into 12 nm nanogaps between electrodes, fabricated using high-resolution e-beam lithography. The ~1 nm AuNP functions as a charge transport island within a transistor configuration and the resultant device can explore the AuNP’s quantum coulomb blockade and quantized energy level spacings at room temperature (300 K).

Nanotechweb:

Haisheng Zheng is a PhD candidate supervised by Shubhra Gangopadhyay at the University of Missouri-Columbia in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
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Who are the Anodecum (the femme of the set)...

It was suggested that the ambient music that I chose for the second book trailer which introduces the feminine set of my main cast of characters was perhaps a little too relaxing. So, I went browsing for more rousing audio and reworked the trailer.

I had a lot of fun remaking it. Pacing comes across much better.

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Mimicking Nature...

Image Source: Argonne National Laboratory


Topics: Alternative Energy, Green Energy, Green Tech, Photosynthesis, Solar Power


Refined by nature over a billion years, photosynthesis has given life to the planet, providing an environment suitable for the smallest, most primitive organism all the way to our own species.

While scientists have been studying and mimicking the natural phenomenon in the laboratory for years, understanding how to replicate the chemical process behind it has largely remained a mystery — until now.

Recent experiments at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory have afforded researchers a greater understanding of how to manipulate photosynthesis, putting humankind one step closer to harvesting “solar fuel,” a clean energy source that could one day help replace coal and natural gas.

Lisa M. Utschig, a bioinorganic chemist at Argonne for 20 years, said storing solar energy in chemical bonds such as those found in hydrogen can provide a robust and renewable energy source. Burning hydrogen as fuel creates no pollutants, making it much less harmful to the environment than common fossil fuel sources.

Argonne National Laboratory:
Making fuel from light: Argonne research sheds light on photosynthesis and creation of solar fuel, Jo Napolitano

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Antiprotons and the Rad Lab...



Fig. 1. One of the first annihilations of an antiproton observed at the Bevatron with a photographic emulsion. The antiproton enters from the left. The fat tracks are from slow protons or nuclear fragments, the faint tracks from fast pions.

Image credit: O Chamberlain et al. 1956 Nuo. Cim. 3 447.

Topics: High Energy Physics, History, Particle Physics, Theoretical Physics


You may be familiar with the term "antimatter," especially if you've followed any fiction on star ships that latched on to the phrase. The discovery of the antiproton is coming up to its 60th birthday, and the authors from CERN, Claude Amsler and Christine Sutton - where the Higgs Boson was discovered - do a good job recounting the history and characters that discovered what is now common in our lexicon.

Sixty years after the discovery of the antiproton at Berkeley, a look at some of the ways that studies with antiprotons at CERN have cast light on basic physics and, in particular, on fundamental symmetries.

On 21 September 1955, Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè, Clyde Wiegand and Tom Ypsilantis found their first evidence of the antiproton, gathered through measurements of its momentum and its velocity. Working at what was known as the "Rad Lab" at Berkeley, they had set up their experiment at a new accelerator, the Bevatron – a proton synchrotron designed to reach an energy of 6.5 GeV, sufficient to produce an antiproton in a fixed-target experiment (CERN Courier November 2005 p27). Soon after, a related experiment led by Gerson Goldhaber and Edoardo Amaldi found the expected annihilation "stars", recorded in stacks of nuclear emulsions (figure 1). Forty years later, by combing antiprotons and positrons, an experiment at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN gathered evidence in September 1995 for the production of the first few atoms of antihydrogen.

Over the decades, antiprotons have become a standard tool for studies in particle physics; the word "antimatter" has entered into mainstream language; and antihydrogen is fast becoming a laboratory for investigations in fundamental physics. At CERN, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is now an important facility for studies in fundamental physics at low energies, which complement the investigations at the LHC’s high-energy frontier. This article looks back at some of the highlights in the studies of the antiworld at CERN, and takes a glimpse at what lies in store at the AD.

CERN Courier: In the steps of the antiproton
Claude Amsler, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, and Christine Sutton, CERN.

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Party with me on my Birthday!!!

Going to do a SPECIAL Special for my birthday!!! The first 3 people to sign up for this deal today by noon can get it for $300! That's 12 months of advertising for just $300!!! Inbox me for payment details. PLEASE SHARE WITH YOUR FRIENDS WITH BUSINESSES OR BOOKS!

Then after that it is back to this until midnight: This is a special VERY limited time deal! Let's see if business people respond! You will receive everything listed on the flyer plus guaranteed 7 ads during the weekly HBCU broadcast and you will get this package for an entire year!!! That's right 12 months of advertising for $400. Monday August 31st at 11:59pm...the end of my birthday!!!! Trust me you want to get in now because things changed today!!!

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