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Light Sails Leakage...

Image Source: MIT Technology Review


Topics: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Space Flight, SETI, Solar Sail


Please note the emoji: \\//_. That Trekkie cred set: It's probably going to be a lot easier to detect civilizations closer, but slightly past our stage of admitted technological adolescence, currently beset and hindered by fear of all things science and willful ignorance. With the noted exception of Star Trek, most of the science fiction I'm reading recently stay in the Einstein-relativistic-speeds range, along with the effects of time dilation to their plot twists. If an intelligence has begun to at least explore their own outer planets, maybe...just maybe there's hope that we'll survive our own hubris.

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: Light sails are a promising way of exploring star systems. If other civilizations use them, these sails should be visible from Earth, say astrophysicists.

Abstract


The primary challenge of rocket propulsion is the burden of needing to accelerate the spacecraft's own fuel, resulting in only a logarithmic gain in maximum speed as propellant is added to the spacecraft. Light sails offer an attractive alternative in which fuel is not carried by the spacecraft, with acceleration being provided by an external source of light. By artificially illuminating the spacecraft with beamed radiation, speeds are only limited by the area of the sail, heat resistance of its material, and power use of the accelerating apparatus. In this paper, we show that leakage from a light sail propulsion apparatus in operation around a solar system analogue would be detectable. To demonstrate this, we model the launch and arrival of a microwave beam-driven light sail constructed for transit between planets in orbit around a single star, and find an optimal beam frequency on the order of tens of GHz. Leakage from these beams yields transients with flux densities of Jy and durations of tens of seconds at 100 pc. Because most travel within a planetary system would be conducted between the habitable worlds within that system, multiply-transiting exoplanetary systems offer the greatest chance of detection, especially when the planets are in projected conjunction as viewed from Earth. If interplanetary travel via beam-driven light sails is commonly employed in our galaxy, this activity could be revealed by radio follow-up of nearby transiting exoplanetary systems. The expected signal properties define a new strategy in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).

Physics arXiv: SETI via Leakage from Light Sails in Exoplanetary Systems
James Guillochon (1), Abraham Loeb (1) ((1) Harvard ITC)

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Reality Since Einstein...

Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein

Topics: Einstein, Special Relativity, General Relativity, Nobel Prize, Spacetime, Steven Weinberg, World Science Festival

A discussion at the World Science Festival with Brian Green, Gabriela González, Samir Mathur, Andrew Strominger, Cumrun Vafa, and fellow Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of Einstein's general theory of relativity, leaders from multiple fields of physics discuss its essential insights, its lingering questions, the latest work it has sparked, and the allied fields of research that have resulted. If not for the modern age of electronics with the Internet, television, smart phones and quantum mechanics, you can at least be thankful to him for your GPS not getting you lost.
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(Into the first string of Bounded Ages)

When the Dragons of the Sainted Mounts came to dwell in the eighth infinite realm some seven millennia ago, lured by its incontestable majesty, the land was already ancient, already ages old, already teeming with a vast array of Elemental kind. Yet, the leave given those repentant beasts, those Dragons, by the governing godheads—to walk the mortal demesne and know life, to roam its set skies and find freedom in flight—came with a price. The tribes of the realm’s center most Divide, unlike their primarily fey southern neighbors, were without hereditary Right, and the nurture and defense of those incapable societies became the Dragons’ cost.

Stymied, those monstrous converts instead conferred a wide range of magics unto five of the thirty or so tribes in existence. In due course, the Lŷʈīr of the sea brushed plains, the Hĕʈädĕlră of the low lying woodlands, the El’sŭūr of the arid western cape, the Hĕmĕt of the bountiful east, and the Aɽmūr of the lush center lands were accorded the ability to transform themselves into the various beasts of the realm. Too, came psychical abilities, such as the prized art of divination—along with an essential wisdom that would eventually allow them to subvert destiny—and the uncanny power to speak into the minds of their fellow men, influence and control them. Yet further, they were granted the secrets to alchemy and necromancy.

The last of the critical Dragon Epochs was brought to a stuttering close by the Reign of the Un-Righted—a minor period that marked the Icarian horde’s first occupation of the Central Divide. That swift and irreverent Reign spanned but a paltry seventy years, yet its effects were far reaching. Elemental kind and the natural mystics descended of them became nearly as lore in the two millennia that followed those transforming seventy, and far less commonplace were those born Righted. Moreover, the Magian tribes, as they eventually became styled, chiefly the El’sŭūr and the Hĕmĕt, became as a scourge to the Central Divide and very nearly to the entire realm. What a stunning travesty of the human spirit were those millenniums, those seven hundred twelve thousand Days of Roving Dissension, for they saw the Sourced Magians become dissolute in regard to their magics, saw them gorge themselves upon that which had been conferred them—and it was that singularly minded greed that brought about the end of the Dragons, with but a lone beast escaping their treacherous thirst for power.

Principally, as the Historicists say, the Days of Roving Dissension began as an almost post-traumatic response to the Icarian occupation. Unsurpassed as their magics became, Magians were not without vulnerability. The brand of power bestowed them was dark, and bore the capacity to injure or kill a Magian in expenditure. In counter, Magians began to channel their magics into tangible articles—scepters, amulets, and less often rings and other forms of metallic jewelry, objects which gained in power as they were handed down from conceder to heritor—and devised a vernacular, Ashvelsūrin, for use in summoning their strengths. Therein, however, lay their debility, for Magians could no longer access their magics once whatever bespelled article that was imbued with their power had been destroyed.

The ruthlessness of the Icarian saw that vulnerability exploited and Magian numbers, long among the smallest tribes, dwindled. In desperation, the Magians turned to the Dragons, but over the long centuries the creatures had grown complacent, disavowing all responsibility to the tribes and retreating into their cavernous dens. Angered, the Magians slew one of the Dragons—Helspeth the Halcyon, a slovenly, solitary thing that had slept for decades in the base of Mount Sale. By way of their contrived spellcraft, the Magians infused the glowing core of Helspeth’s power into a scepter, and with that receptacle’s aid, drove the Icarian from their lands.

Fearing an eventual discovery of their deed and the retribution to be faced, the Magians began to slay the Dragons, waging a war that lasted nigh on a millennium—a war that waxed and waned as the scepter, that much coveted Harvester’s Wrath, changed hands. When but a single Dragon remained—he, Eldevel of the Forbidding Star—the Lord Dragon, truly one of the Earthbound Gods of that larger, illustrious Era, descended from the highest point of the Mountains of Fire, where that fettered godhead had for nigh on six millennia taken his repose. His immense figure eclipsing even that of Eldevel, largest and most fearsome of all the beasts, the Lord Dragon spoke unto the Magians, offering pact and prophecy.

GendeshGoddess of the August Abodethe one called Harvester of Soulsbrought forth unto this realm the Dragonsfor heretofore the first Dragon Epochthey were among the many creatures who guard the Depths of DeathIt was Ithe Lord DragonGod of the Burning MountCrafter of the Temporal Formwho gave unto them their finite structures and consigned them act as protector and pedagogue to man.

As I sleptthe Dragons became self-content, shirking and delegating their duties.

The time will comehoweverwhen once more you find yourselves at your most desolate and you will face the Sainted Mounts and cry out towards thembeseeching aidNone will be forthcomingyou will have rid the realm of DragonsToo, the Era of the Earthbound Gods nears its endwe who are fettered must retake our place amongst the divineSpare this DragonEldevelso that when the time of chaos descends againyou shall through him your salvation find.”

We fear his vengeance,” one among the Magians thinly returned.

Then he shall be bound by obsidian and cast in the Enduring StoneThereEldevel will remain until summoned.”

We possess not the power to influence him”—this from that same Magian. “How will he then be swayed?”

Bring forth five maidens born of those Un-SourcedThey will bear unto you the means of Eldevels summoning and command.”

The Magians presented the Lord Dragon his behest— maidens taken from the Qĕss and the Nălẏr, the Arĕspús and the Dîrînîkă, and lastly the Nǽÿmīr—and he transformed himself into the semblance of a man. He lay with the young women, and upon that very eventide, they bore him each a babe—three sons and two daughters.

I give unto this realm ThérünÁninaXáelIthéanaand Arŏmilthe Dragon Righted who are Dæmonīækĕlwho are possessed of Rights comparable to your own magicsof the Right to call forth the Dragon of the Forbidding Star from his prison of glasshis casing of stoneand of the Right to speak into his mind, to influence and sway him.”

The Magians fell to their knees in obeisance, crying out.

Harken to me!” the godhead necessitated. “Punishment for your misdeeds has not escaped you and the destinies that were once writ for the tribes have now accordingly changedThere are those of you who will repentand in so doingwill find pardon and favor when the time of chaos descends again.

Toothere are those among you who will forever seek to procure that which was never intended for youand when you cannot procure ityou will then seek to bind it to youand when you cannot bind ityou will then seek to destroy itand when you cannot destroy ityou will then seek to make it obsoleteAge into agethe truth of your natures will be revealed and there will be further division and dissension among you as your magics become congruently defined.” Reverting to his imperial dæmonic form, the Lord Dragon then gave edict in a grating and infernal parlance—« HEED ME! »— before speaking yet other words which no tongue but that a blooded god’s can form.

Words that caused the Magians to bend their bodies over the ground, quaking and screaming as they covered ears that had suddenly become blistered and bled. Words that caused lightning to flash across the darkening sky—lightning which then raced down to strike the Dragon’s blood that soaked and stained the sand, turning it to salt. Words that bound Eldevel in obsidian and preserved him in the Enduring Stone. Words that opened the eyes of the newly birthed babes—eyes that brought frightened tears to their mothers and instantly entranced them. Words that returned the five young women and their godkind progeny into the protective folds of their respective tribes.

The Lord Dragon then ascended to the highest peak of the Sainted Mounts and spreading his massive wings, took flight, vanishing into the cosmos.


Click here to read more and follow along or pre-order your copy of the THE NORTHERN DIVIDE today!


Image: Durian - Sintel (black and white / blur adjustments)

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Sticky DNA...

The cells in this microscope image were arranged in three dimensions using a new DNA-based technique. The cells stained green were meant to mimic cells that lead outgrowth during natural organ formation.

Topics: 3D Objects, Additive Manufacturing, Biology, Biophysics, Biomedicine, Computer Science, Mathematical Models

Before scientists can build human organs in the lab, they need to figure out how to build tissues that work like those in the body. A new method, in which DNA acts like Velcro that makes cells stick to each other, could help pave the way toward building functional tissues that might one day comprise organs.

The new method employs DNA strands, attached to the outside of individual cells, to cause them to stick to surfaces—or other cells—that feature complementary strands, and assemble into prescribed arrangements. The researchers use it to programmatically build tissues, layer by layer.

Other groups are taking a range of approaches toward building functional tissues (see “A Manufacturing Tool Builds 3-D Heart Tissue”). But compared to existing 3-D culture methods, the new one provides a greater level of control over “the ultimate tissue architecture,” argue its creators in a recent paper describing the research.

MIT Technology Review: Sticky DNA Could be the Key to Making Organs in a Lab, Mike Orcutt

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ATLAS, CMS and Higgs...

Image Source: Symmetry Magazine (link below)


Topics: CERN, Higgs Boson, High Energy Physics, Particle Physics, Theoretical Physics


It bugs me when someone says "that's how it works 'in theory'" or "it's just a theory, not 'fact'."

"A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation." Wikipedia is about as succinct as you can get. I underlined the keys, and a more adroit point is the Pythagorean Theorem: for right triangles - 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 - it works every time. That's how something works in theory: it is substantiated in experiment, repeated, verified results within a reasonable margin of error; legitimate journal publication after passing an editorial board and ruthless peer review. Conspiracy/Provocateur and other such "theories" are neither: they are merely loudmouthed opinions.

The ATLAS and CMS experiments on the Large Hadron Collider were designed to be partners in discovery.

In 2012, both experiments reported evidence of a Higgs-like boson, the fundamental particle that gives mass to the other fundamental particles.

ATLAS reported the mass of this new boson to be in the mass region of 126 billion electronvolts, and CMS found it to be in the region of 125. In May 2015, the two experiments combined their measurements, refining the Higgs mass closer to 125.09 GeV.

This particular analysis focused on the interaction of the Higgs boson with other particles, known as coupling strength. The combined measurements are more precise than each experiment could accomplish alone, and results establish that the Higgs mechanism grants mass to both the matter and force-carrying particles as predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.

Symmetry Magazine: Combined results find Higgs still standard, Katie Elyce Jones

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Excerpt, "The Heretic in Varied Form"

  1. Fealty

A man who finds nothing but prevarication
in the sing-speak of the faithful,
not strained certainty in the fervent love of the ascetic,
nor doubt in the guileful adoration of the falsely contrite,
not well-disposed visions, the illumination,
the Spirit of the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
nor the propensity for the enactment of the adiamorphic—
devoid of power, such a man came before my sight.

Blessed was this apostate, in earthly circumstance,
but for all the opulence that surrounded him,
he felt chilled to his very inner marrow,
and his eyes, once a lovely shade of wonder,
were dull and gaunt for witnessing malevolence,
abhorrent atrocities committed in the name of whim
by men comparable in fame and legacy to the Pharaohs;
them like the ancient kings had cast out this wanderer.

Chased by the semblance of a bird of ill-omen,
his dreary eyes, so full of confusion and regret,
took in my countenance and the humble cloth
in which I was attired, coverings which could scarcely hide
the awakened intensity within me—his senses stole when
provoked into utter observance (they sought to abet
the revival of his floundered belief), a path,
and spent he installed himself at my side.

Drawn, he reached in daring to touch
the dark mark of subjugation centered upon my forehead,
an abrasion wrought of meticulous prostration
to the fairly universal concept of an Absolute Being.
“I would steal your fealty,” the traveler said, with so much
zeal that I momentarily feared him still black lead,
a failed repossession of probity, a complete negation
of the principles first impressed, urged into diffuse keeping.

Evenly, I beseeched him rest, and together we sat
facing east, feet turned away from that sacred object
before us, the rolling sands unwound, as a hot wind
buffeted our shoulders, a comfort against the cold terrain
stretched for eons in every direction—a prayer mat
placed at the verge of the crossroads to protect
supplicants such as ourselves, those who have sinned,
from balking at the prospect of kneeling before the arcane.

Forgive me,” the nomad said imploringly,
then placed his hand upon mine instead, and I joined them,
touching together the palms, despite the sanctions,
the deterrents long decreed against such fond intimacies.
“What called you here, Traveler?” I inquired kindly,
although I suspected, and professed in future to condemn
his tears, which coursed slow and sullen in fashion
down the length of his hope laden posturing like emissaries

Granted leave to inflict their own brand of misery.
“I followed,” he stammered, “I followed,” he professed
again, “I followed the sound.”
And nodding, I acknowledged, “The steadfast truth—”
it sometimes seemed that they wrested Him from mythology,
and in my failing to accept his divinity, thrice I have stepped
away, refusing the audacity that they compound
which—“wrought my conviction in my pagan youth.

Infancy, more like, for their voices rang
with strength and knowing, through the empty channels
of my mercurial heart, filling it to bursting,
filling it to brim, with every resounding verse
and intoned hymn, their songs and chants began
to quench an unknown thirst, though I sought to dismantle
once, the very foundation of all existence, yearning
for the capacity that lies in oblivion without remorse.”


To read more, download Dues for the Repose: From Words Much Like Poetry Kindle Edition at Amazon.

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"GIVE US BARABBAS"

Illustrations from volume 9 of The Bible and its Story Taught by One Thousand Picture Lessons

Edited by Charles F. Horne and Julius A. Bewer, published 1910.

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CMOS and SET...

(a) SEM image of the e-beam patterned nanoelectrodes (scale bar 20 μm); inset: nanoelectrode structure with 12 nm gap. (b) Room temperature I-V measurements with drain voltage sweeping from 0.1 V to 0.7 V at gate voltage of -12.2V.

Topics: Nanotechnology, Photonics, Semiconductor Technology, Quantum Mechanics

As complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices shrink to sub 5 nm, interference due to quantum size effects becomes unavoidable. Single-electron tunnelling (SET) devices provide a promising alternative for low-power integrated circuits due to their operation at the single electron level. Reporting in Nanotechnology, researchers aim to address this need by fabricating monodisperse ultra-small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited by a CMOS-compatible tilted-target sputtering technique.

Fabrication and integration of monodisperse ~1 nm metal nanoparticles as charge transport islands in a device configuration remains a major challenge in the progress of SET device technology. Here, the researchers deposit AuNPs into 12 nm nanogaps between electrodes, fabricated using high-resolution e-beam lithography. The ~1 nm AuNP functions as a charge transport island within a transistor configuration and the resultant device can explore the AuNP’s quantum coulomb blockade and quantized energy level spacings at room temperature (300 K).

Nanotechweb:

Haisheng Zheng is a PhD candidate supervised by Shubhra Gangopadhyay at the University of Missouri-Columbia in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
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Who are the Anodecum (the femme of the set)...

It was suggested that the ambient music that I chose for the second book trailer which introduces the feminine set of my main cast of characters was perhaps a little too relaxing. So, I went browsing for more rousing audio and reworked the trailer.

I had a lot of fun remaking it. Pacing comes across much better.

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Mimicking Nature...

Image Source: Argonne National Laboratory


Topics: Alternative Energy, Green Energy, Green Tech, Photosynthesis, Solar Power


Refined by nature over a billion years, photosynthesis has given life to the planet, providing an environment suitable for the smallest, most primitive organism all the way to our own species.

While scientists have been studying and mimicking the natural phenomenon in the laboratory for years, understanding how to replicate the chemical process behind it has largely remained a mystery — until now.

Recent experiments at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory have afforded researchers a greater understanding of how to manipulate photosynthesis, putting humankind one step closer to harvesting “solar fuel,” a clean energy source that could one day help replace coal and natural gas.

Lisa M. Utschig, a bioinorganic chemist at Argonne for 20 years, said storing solar energy in chemical bonds such as those found in hydrogen can provide a robust and renewable energy source. Burning hydrogen as fuel creates no pollutants, making it much less harmful to the environment than common fossil fuel sources.

Argonne National Laboratory:
Making fuel from light: Argonne research sheds light on photosynthesis and creation of solar fuel, Jo Napolitano

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Antiprotons and the Rad Lab...



Fig. 1. One of the first annihilations of an antiproton observed at the Bevatron with a photographic emulsion. The antiproton enters from the left. The fat tracks are from slow protons or nuclear fragments, the faint tracks from fast pions.

Image credit: O Chamberlain et al. 1956 Nuo. Cim. 3 447.

Topics: High Energy Physics, History, Particle Physics, Theoretical Physics


You may be familiar with the term "antimatter," especially if you've followed any fiction on star ships that latched on to the phrase. The discovery of the antiproton is coming up to its 60th birthday, and the authors from CERN, Claude Amsler and Christine Sutton - where the Higgs Boson was discovered - do a good job recounting the history and characters that discovered what is now common in our lexicon.

Sixty years after the discovery of the antiproton at Berkeley, a look at some of the ways that studies with antiprotons at CERN have cast light on basic physics and, in particular, on fundamental symmetries.

On 21 September 1955, Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè, Clyde Wiegand and Tom Ypsilantis found their first evidence of the antiproton, gathered through measurements of its momentum and its velocity. Working at what was known as the "Rad Lab" at Berkeley, they had set up their experiment at a new accelerator, the Bevatron – a proton synchrotron designed to reach an energy of 6.5 GeV, sufficient to produce an antiproton in a fixed-target experiment (CERN Courier November 2005 p27). Soon after, a related experiment led by Gerson Goldhaber and Edoardo Amaldi found the expected annihilation "stars", recorded in stacks of nuclear emulsions (figure 1). Forty years later, by combing antiprotons and positrons, an experiment at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN gathered evidence in September 1995 for the production of the first few atoms of antihydrogen.

Over the decades, antiprotons have become a standard tool for studies in particle physics; the word "antimatter" has entered into mainstream language; and antihydrogen is fast becoming a laboratory for investigations in fundamental physics. At CERN, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is now an important facility for studies in fundamental physics at low energies, which complement the investigations at the LHC’s high-energy frontier. This article looks back at some of the highlights in the studies of the antiworld at CERN, and takes a glimpse at what lies in store at the AD.

CERN Courier: In the steps of the antiproton
Claude Amsler, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, and Christine Sutton, CERN.

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Party with me on my Birthday!!!

Going to do a SPECIAL Special for my birthday!!! The first 3 people to sign up for this deal today by noon can get it for $300! That's 12 months of advertising for just $300!!! Inbox me for payment details. PLEASE SHARE WITH YOUR FRIENDS WITH BUSINESSES OR BOOKS!

Then after that it is back to this until midnight: This is a special VERY limited time deal! Let's see if business people respond! You will receive everything listed on the flyer plus guaranteed 7 ads during the weekly HBCU broadcast and you will get this package for an entire year!!! That's right 12 months of advertising for $400. Monday August 31st at 11:59pm...the end of my birthday!!!! Trust me you want to get in now because things changed today!!!

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Squeezing Deuterium...



Figure 1. To squeeze liquid deuterium into its metallic phase, researchers discharged the 2160 capacitors of Sandia National Laboratories’ Z machine and sent a precisely shaped 1-μs current pulse that delivered 2 MJ of energy to a target at the machine’s center. The power transmission cables, as big around as small cars, are submerged in oil or deionized water, which serves as an insulator. Electrical arcs that play over the device during discharge, shown here, make for a dazzling display. (Photo by Randy Montoya/Sandia National Laboratories.)

Citation: Phys. Today 68, 9, 12 (2015); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2899

Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Solid State Physics

The world’s strongest pulsed-power source takes a shot at an 80-year-old condensed-matter-physics problem.

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. But that simplicity belies its often unpredictable nature. A case in point: Unlike the alkali metals that sit below it on the periodic table, hydrogen, even in its solid phase, remains a molecular insulator down to the lowest temperatures.

In 1935 Eugene Wigner and Hillard Huntington predicted that squeezing solid hydrogen to a sufficiently high pressure could cause it to shed its molecular bonds and transform into an atomic metal. The race to find the insulator-to-metal transition in hydrogen was on, but it’s turned out to be a marathon rather than a sprint.

High-pressure experiments are notoriously difficult, and ones on hydrogen even more so. Diamond-anvil cells, the go-to equipment for static-compression experiments, are hampered by hydrogen’s tendency to penetrate into the diamond and cause cracks. Dynamic experiments using shock compression reach higher pressures, but they heat the sample to high temperatures and only access specific values of pressure and temperature that depend on the system’s initial state. Still, experimentalists have subjected hydrogen to pressures of 320 GPa using static techniques and 500 GPa using dynamic methods but have not found the metallic phase.

Physics Today: Liquid deuterium pressured into becoming metallic, Sung Chang

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Graphene Superconductor...

Graphene turns into a superconductor when decorated with lithium atoms. (Courtesy: Shutterstock/Inozemtsev Konstantin)

Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Graphene, Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Phonons, Semiconductor Technology, Superconductors, Solid State Physics, Quantum Mechanics

THIS changes the game! The application to longer life batteries is the first thought that comes to mind. Within semiconductors, we could supplement the physical limitations we're butting up to at the Moore's Law limit with a neat change in the material chemistry used to build the circuitry. A step before and enhancement of carbon nanotubes when they eventually replace them. Exciting times!

The "wonder material" graphene has another significant quality to add to its impressive list of electrical and mechanical properties: superconductivity. Physicists in Canada and Germany have shown that graphene turns into a superconductor when doped with lithium atoms – a result that could lead to a new generation of superconducting nanoscale devices.

Graphene exhibits a range of remarkable properties, thanks to its special structure – a one-atom-thick hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. It is far stronger than steel while also flexible, and is an excellent conductor of both electricity and heat. In its pristine form, however, it is not a superconductor.

Neither is pure graphite, but in 2005 physicists showed that graphite could be made to superconduct when chemically treated, so as to create bulk materials consisting of graphene alternated with one-atom-thick layers of another element. The best performing material thus created, calcium graphite (CaC6), has a superconducting transition temperature of 11.5 K. Theorists identified the underlying mechanism for that superconductivity as electron–phonon coupling. Phonons are vibrations in a material's crystal lattice that bind electrons together into "Cooper pairs" that can travel through the lattice without resistance – one of the hallmarks of superconductivity. It was then realized that such electron–phonon coupling might occur not just in bulk graphite compounds but also by depositing atoms of a suitable element on to single layers of graphene.

Physics World: 'Decorated' graphene is a superconductor, Edwin Cartlidge

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(YA) Paradox Hallway

One of the most difficult items to right is a paradox that does not go too far awry - Here is my offering to that beast. 

The Paradox Hallway

 

I dreaded walking down that hallway it was wide enough for four abreast and well lit but it was just eerie, like something out of a bad "B" movie.  I always thought that dramatic music would be playing in the overhead speakers.  I had met myself in the hallway several times now from my future and from my near present and near past.  In fact those events of meeting the me from now have been occurring more frequently. 

Just the other day I told myself not to go to the casino boat with Steve, then on the way back down the hallway I met myself again and I told me to bet on the Tigers and The San Fran Giants to go to the World Series next year and to take the Giants in 5 games or less or take the long shot Giants in 4 and in game 1 bet that they will cover the spread.  Its June and both the Tigers and Giants are hot but I didnt I tell myself who would win the world series this year.  Did I just meet myself before October?  If that were true how come I know about October 2012?  Maybe another me told me... I mean him... The future me - Whatever, In order to get it straight I just need to loiter for a little bit and wait for another me to show up, hopefully together I can clear up this World Series thing. 

I lingered in the hallway just waiting for something to happen; I could hear footsteps approaching the corner where the paradox always began.  I could tell from the footfalls that something was different and I wasnt wearing dress shoes I must have been wearing sneakers.  I straightened up to meet myself, this was the first time that I had loitered to meet me on purpose, all of the other times it had occurred as a coincidence.  I found myself quoting Yuko Ichihara: " There are no coincidences in this world only the inevitable... If you are going to do something or not do something, that is a promise to yourself. And the one who keeps the promise, or breaks the promise, is you. No one else can be burdened with holding you to a promise that’s made to yourself." --- Good stuff to remember.    

I turned the corner to meet me.  I met the me that was about 9 years old, I dont remember this happening to me, this is going to give me a raging headache later.  "Mister, where is this place, where am I?"  I was stunned I was almost unable to answer myself, in every instance where I had met my youngest selves I had not recalled the meeting until after it had occurred, my memory centers would grow exponentially causing severe headaches as the new old memories bombarded the temporal lobes.  The short term stuff was easy to handle as the hippocampus unfolded much easier in these meetings and it was more instant recall than long term.  This time I could feel that it was different my cerebral cortex started recalling the old memories immediately.  I remember this meeting the man made me feel creepy and a little scared.  In my young mind I called him Stranger Crow and I imagined that he would come to my home at night and just sit in my room throwing stones at me.  Funny I guess this stranger in the short black jacket has been with me all of my life.  A smirk slid across my lips and I remembered thinking originally that he was an incarnation of Ga-Gorib and I was an incarnation of Heitsi-eibib.  I remember thinking something else about this Ga-Gorib.   

I took steps to alleviate the fear of a child in myself by trying to be nice.  "Whatcha doin here kid?" 

"Mister, I am lost and I dont know how I got here, is this where you go when you go to wait to get to heaven?" 

"Why would you think this is heaven kid?  Why do you think you're dead kid?  Cause I am sure as heck not an angel? 

"Mister the last thing I remember I was standing at 2nd base waiting for Yusef to hit me in with an RBI.  I saw the pitch and the last thing I saw was Yusef swing so I started for 3rd then I felt something hot on the back of my neck, next thing I know I am getting off of the elevator." 

I wanted to tell the younger version of me that I remembered that day; Yusef was in tears when I came to cause he thought that the police were going to put him in jail like they had his cousin Kalif cause of an accident.  I knew that I could not give my younger self these details but I could make a few things easier for the kid me to deal with what was happening.  "Kid, I tell you what while we are here together I will answer a question or two for you, ask me anything."  Although I remember this meeting in general a lot of the particulars were lost on the adult me today. 

Being the eternal master of the non sequitur I asked myself the 64 thousand dollar question: "Why do some girls hit you and run but when you catch them they cry?" 

Kid I am older than you and I still dont have a solid answer to that question but that Gail is going to eventually let you catch her and not cry. 

I looked up at myself with amazement and wonder; I had a very suspicious look on my little face sort of like how did I know he had a crush on Gail with the pretty light brown eyes.  I said nothing back to me about the Gail comment. 

"Okay Kid that was one question what else you got?"  

I hesitated for a moment then the kid logic went into overdrive: "Mister, if I am not dead then is this a dream?" 

"Sort of kid sort of, good news it can end when you want it to end."

"How Mister?" 

"All you have to do kid is get back on the elevator."

"Thanks, Mister but not yet I got two more questions." 

I was always an honest sort and I can see it started early because the kid version of me could have easily said I had only asked two real questions and been close to right.  I had to force myself to remember that I was talking to a younger version of myself, but I also had to admit that I liked this kid, even if it was me or not. 

"Mister do you know what will happen to me when I grow up?" 

I looked down at me and realized that I was quite the forward thinker at a tender age too.  I almost did not want to answer myself to enthusiastically, it was hard to resist. "Yes, I know what happens to you in the future; at least part of your future." 

"Mister how long will I live?  Will I be rich?"

 

"Kid that is a compound question and that puts you one over but I will answer it for you this once.  You will live for quite awhile and you will live a rich life filled with friends and love.  You will have a special relationship and understanding of yourself like no one else you know will ever have.  You will become special and that could lead to you becoming financially rich."  We arrived at the elevator, I let my kid self press the button to summon the elevator.  The kid version of me entered the metal box as the door was closing he leaned to the side and asked... 

"Are you a super hero?"

I remember asking the Stranger that question and he did not answer he just smiled as the door shut and I woke up on the baseball field with Yusef looking down at me with tears in his eyes and the coaches crowded around me.  Coach Tarver had his cell phone out whoever he was talking to on the phone he was telling them that I was coming around but he still needed an ambulance.  I went back to sleep on the baseball field. 

I woke up in a hospital room with the TV going and my mom was there, it felt like I had been here before.  Just then the door opened and the Stranger walked in dressed like a doctor, he spoke with my mom and then walked over to me and told me that I would be alright.  "Kid you're one lucky kid, a knock on the head like that could have been worse but you will be okay in a few days."  He headed for the room door as he stood there with it open he looked back over his shoulder and said to me "You know that the same thing happened to me when I was your age exactly."  The Stranger walked out of the room and now today I understand I finally met me the first time I walked into the hallway after being hit running from second to third by a baseball in the back of the head by my friend Yusef. 

Loitering in the hallway had done me I mean us some good, now I know how it started perhaps one of me will find out why it keeps happening to us in the future.  

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Near the Levee (repost)...

Architecture About.com: What is a Levee?

Topics: #BlackLivesMatter, African Americans, Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Civil Rights, Climate Change, Global Warming, History, Politics

© 21 September 2005, The Griot Poet

Inspired by the article from Dr. Cornel West: “Exiles from a city and from a nation,” 11 September 2005.

Note: I corrected the spelling of levee in the title and text (it was originally "levy" as a double entendre). On reflection of the carnival barking political times we're in and to avoid the appearance of xenophobia, a preposition and country name were both exchanged from their original versions. The piece still hits powerfully, and clarifies instead of stereotypes, origin of the demand for drugs in this country is this country in total, and no one group in particular.

Dedicated to my cousin from New Orleans, John (Gus) Holmes, Jr., his beautiful family, and the survivors of Hurricane Katrina (note: they're all fine, and relocated to another state).

**********

“When you live so close to death”

You create songs in the French Quarter on Slave Sundays that follow no pattern.

Rhythm set by clap and tambourine; washboard and kettle drum,

Old people hum in accompaniment to a Constantine Christian jubilee celebration of no cotton bailed; no backbreaking labor toiled.

The one suit you own is spoiled from overuse, and your children’s children carry on the tradition of “dress up” to anesthetize their pain.

“When you live so close to death”

The Mississippi delta builds a sediment foundation for your tragicomic pain:

“Laughing to keep from crying” births the blues!

“When you live so close to death”

People of your hue fought and escaped the French back in the day, and each day are turned away each year as they try to escape the death-hole now known as… Haiti.

“When you live so close to death, you live (life a little) more intensely,”

You create order out of chaos, from Massa raping your sisters and mothers to slaves tipping with another man’s lover: “hey baby, can we JAZZ around a little bit”?

Fighting fiercely in mock duels modeled after “southern gentlemen,” feeling disrespected, passing it down from Jazz procreation to your Hip Hop great-grandchildren’s generation as being “dissed”: with the same deadly consequences.

“When you live so close to death”

What are scraps from Massa’s table become culinary creations:

- Craw dads;

- Jambalaya;

- Gumbo;

- Shrimp Creole

- And Etoufée!

“When you live so close to death”

Lead and pollutants they allowed for your kind to warp your minds & drive the I.Q.s of your babies down scarred your psychology

BEFORE the levees broke;

BEFORE the drug flights to America!

“When you live so close to death”

You are not counted; clouded – an invisible majority under the all-mighty shadow of insignificance: exiles in your own country, resembling from years of neglect more “third world” than ninth ward or US citizenry

Hence, their news media in their quest for a ratings spree mislabeled you “refugees.”

Now, suddenly they are on our side, “shocked and awed” back to the reality of their sacred duty to inform the citizenry of a democracy… neglected for five years.

Shocked by the sight of dead bodies marred by dogs and crocodiles, piled in stairwells like logs… floating downstream! It seems perceptions change once you’re beyond a sheltered, suburban political haze, and find YOURSELF for many days

Breathing the stench,

Your own eyes seeing,

Your own ears hearing the gunshots and screams… in this country,

You cannot believe you could stay reasonably SANE…

Living so close to death!
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Fire Mountains of the Moon...

This NASA image shows the moon coalescing from debris created when a Mars-size object slammed into the early Earth. Carbon found in lunar samples suggests that the moon's surface composition was very similar to Earth's.
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight


Topics: Moon, Planetary Science, NASA


The ancient lunar surface once erupted with geysers of lava — and now, scientists think they know what caused those fiery fountains.

Current research suggests that the moon formed when a Mars-size object barreled into Earth in the early solar system, and for a long time, its surface was much different from the staid, unmoving landscape present today. Rather, the moon's surface was hot and active, and magma often bubbled up from below and broke the surface in fiery fountains — like a molten-hot version of Old Faithful. Until recently, researchers were unsure of the driving force behind those explosions, which could reveal more about conditions on the early moon.

But now, scientists may have found a possible culprit for the molten explosions: carbon monoxide. [Watch: How the Moon Was Made]

"The carbon is the one that is producing the large spectacle," said Alberto Saal, a geologist at Brown University in Providence and co-author of the new study. "With a little bit of water, with a little bit of sulfur — but the main driver is carbon."

This finding suggests the early moon's makeup was very close to early Earth's, Saal told Space.com. "All these volatile elements … are in concentrations that are very similar to the lava that formed the ocean floor of the Earth," he said.

Space.com: Fire Fountains of the Ancient Moon Explained, Sarah Levin

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Alibaba and 30 Qubits...

Image Source: Alibaba group's offices in Hangzhou, China. (Courtesy: Alibaba group)


Topics: Computer Science, Research, STEM, Quantum Computer


The global effort to develop practical quantum computers got a boost this month with the inauguration of a dedicated laboratory in Shanghai, China. The new lab – a joint venture between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese online retail giant Alibaba – aims to develop a general-purpose prototype quantum computer by 2030.

The new CAS–Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory's interim goals include the coherent manipulation of 30 quantum bits (qubits) by 2020, and quantum simulation with calculation speeds equivalent to those achieved by today's fastest supercomputers by 2025. This ambitious series of five-year plans will be supported by an annual injection of $5m from Alibaba's cloud-computing subsidiary, Aliyun, over the next 15 years.

Physics World: Joint quantum-computing venture is a first for China
Xin Ling is a science writer based in Beijing

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Accretion of Dark Matter...

Image Source (and sound): Dark Matter Sound System - Band Camp


Topics: Black Holes, Dark Matter, General Relativity, Heliophysics, Humor, Quantum Cosmology


First of all, from the astrophysics classes I've taken, accretion is attributed to stars diffusing material around it, usually to create things like planets. This is a novel way to look at the pursuit of dark matter and I found the paper intriguing.

What teachers will hate me for: since everyone knows what a black hole looks like, and it really didn't coincide with the paper (abstract below), I did find a techno metal group that has a whole unique take on combining the two subjects (link below above image). As always, I get no gratuities for sharing this, but hopefully like me, it makes you grin for many of you, the first day of school (at least in Texas). Think of it as your "hook," but don't dwell on it very long...the students will catch on you're enjoying it too much.

Abstract

Searches for dark matter imprints are one of the most active areas of current research. We focus here on light fields with mass mB, such as axions and axion-like candidates. Using perturbative techniques and full-blown nonlinear Numerical Relativity methods, we show that (i) dark matter can pile up in the center of stars, leading to configurations and geometries oscillating with frequency which is a multiple of f=2.51014 mBc2/eV Hz. These configurations are stable throughout most of the parameter space, and arise out of credible mechanisms for dark-matter capture. Stars with bosonic cores may also develop in other theories with effective mass couplings, such as (massless) scalar-tensor theories. We also show that (ii) collapse of the host star to a black hole is avoided by efficient gravitational cooling mechanisms.

Physics arXiv: Accretion of dark matter by stars
Richard Brito, Vitor Cardoso, Hirotada Okawa

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MXenes...

Add caption


Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Green Energy, Green Tech, Materials Science, Metamaterials, Nanotechnology


Otherwise known as Two-Dimensional, Ordered, Double Transition Metals Carbides (MXenes), the title of the actual paper, and quoting the article (link below): "A technique for fusing different elements in layers to make a uniform and stable composite with predictable properties could open up routes to faster, smaller and more efficient energy storage devices, supercapacitors and wear-resistant and tough armored materials, according to a team at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Babak Anasori and his colleagues at Drexel and Linköping University, Sweden, have demonstrated how to sandwich together two-dimensional sheets of molybdenum, titanium and carbon that would otherwise not stick together."

Abstract

The higher the chemical diversity and structural complexity of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the higher the likelihood they possess unique and useful properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict the existence of two new families of 2D ordered, carbides (MXenes), M′2M″C2 and M′2M″2C3, where M′ and M″ are two different early transition metals. In these solids, M′ layers sandwich M″ carbide layers. By synthesizing Mo2TiC2Tx, Mo2Ti2C3MTx, and Cr2TiC2Tx (where T is a surface termination), we validated the DFT predictions. Since the Mo and Cr atoms are on the outside, they control the 2D flakes’ chemical and electrochemical properties. The latter was proven by showing quite different electrochemical behavior of Mo2TiC2Tx and Ti3C2Tx. This work further expands the family of 2D materials, offering additional choices of structures, chemistries, and ultimately useful properties.

Materials Today: Metal sandwich solution, David Bradley

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Just for BSFS Members!!!

Thanks to Jarvis I'm going to offer the members of BSFS a $50 advertising deal! You can get 75 audio ads and 25 video ads on my network for $50!!! Gotta do it by Noon tomorrow Sunday August 23rd!!! 

If you aren't ready to advertise now...no worries! You can buy the package and pick which month you want to use it in over the next 12 months!!!

Make payments via PayPal to: Info@myjbn.com put BSFS Deal in the subject! 

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