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Squeezing Deuterium...



Figure 1. To squeeze liquid deuterium into its metallic phase, researchers discharged the 2160 capacitors of Sandia National Laboratories’ Z machine and sent a precisely shaped 1-μs current pulse that delivered 2 MJ of energy to a target at the machine’s center. The power transmission cables, as big around as small cars, are submerged in oil or deionized water, which serves as an insulator. Electrical arcs that play over the device during discharge, shown here, make for a dazzling display. (Photo by Randy Montoya/Sandia National Laboratories.)

Citation: Phys. Today 68, 9, 12 (2015); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2899

Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Solid State Physics

The world’s strongest pulsed-power source takes a shot at an 80-year-old condensed-matter-physics problem.

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. But that simplicity belies its often unpredictable nature. A case in point: Unlike the alkali metals that sit below it on the periodic table, hydrogen, even in its solid phase, remains a molecular insulator down to the lowest temperatures.

In 1935 Eugene Wigner and Hillard Huntington predicted that squeezing solid hydrogen to a sufficiently high pressure could cause it to shed its molecular bonds and transform into an atomic metal. The race to find the insulator-to-metal transition in hydrogen was on, but it’s turned out to be a marathon rather than a sprint.

High-pressure experiments are notoriously difficult, and ones on hydrogen even more so. Diamond-anvil cells, the go-to equipment for static-compression experiments, are hampered by hydrogen’s tendency to penetrate into the diamond and cause cracks. Dynamic experiments using shock compression reach higher pressures, but they heat the sample to high temperatures and only access specific values of pressure and temperature that depend on the system’s initial state. Still, experimentalists have subjected hydrogen to pressures of 320 GPa using static techniques and 500 GPa using dynamic methods but have not found the metallic phase.

Physics Today: Liquid deuterium pressured into becoming metallic, Sung Chang

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Graphene Superconductor...

Graphene turns into a superconductor when decorated with lithium atoms. (Courtesy: Shutterstock/Inozemtsev Konstantin)

Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Graphene, Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Phonons, Semiconductor Technology, Superconductors, Solid State Physics, Quantum Mechanics

THIS changes the game! The application to longer life batteries is the first thought that comes to mind. Within semiconductors, we could supplement the physical limitations we're butting up to at the Moore's Law limit with a neat change in the material chemistry used to build the circuitry. A step before and enhancement of carbon nanotubes when they eventually replace them. Exciting times!

The "wonder material" graphene has another significant quality to add to its impressive list of electrical and mechanical properties: superconductivity. Physicists in Canada and Germany have shown that graphene turns into a superconductor when doped with lithium atoms – a result that could lead to a new generation of superconducting nanoscale devices.

Graphene exhibits a range of remarkable properties, thanks to its special structure – a one-atom-thick hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. It is far stronger than steel while also flexible, and is an excellent conductor of both electricity and heat. In its pristine form, however, it is not a superconductor.

Neither is pure graphite, but in 2005 physicists showed that graphite could be made to superconduct when chemically treated, so as to create bulk materials consisting of graphene alternated with one-atom-thick layers of another element. The best performing material thus created, calcium graphite (CaC6), has a superconducting transition temperature of 11.5 K. Theorists identified the underlying mechanism for that superconductivity as electron–phonon coupling. Phonons are vibrations in a material's crystal lattice that bind electrons together into "Cooper pairs" that can travel through the lattice without resistance – one of the hallmarks of superconductivity. It was then realized that such electron–phonon coupling might occur not just in bulk graphite compounds but also by depositing atoms of a suitable element on to single layers of graphene.

Physics World: 'Decorated' graphene is a superconductor, Edwin Cartlidge

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(YA) Paradox Hallway

One of the most difficult items to right is a paradox that does not go too far awry - Here is my offering to that beast. 

The Paradox Hallway

 

I dreaded walking down that hallway it was wide enough for four abreast and well lit but it was just eerie, like something out of a bad "B" movie.  I always thought that dramatic music would be playing in the overhead speakers.  I had met myself in the hallway several times now from my future and from my near present and near past.  In fact those events of meeting the me from now have been occurring more frequently. 

Just the other day I told myself not to go to the casino boat with Steve, then on the way back down the hallway I met myself again and I told me to bet on the Tigers and The San Fran Giants to go to the World Series next year and to take the Giants in 5 games or less or take the long shot Giants in 4 and in game 1 bet that they will cover the spread.  Its June and both the Tigers and Giants are hot but I didnt I tell myself who would win the world series this year.  Did I just meet myself before October?  If that were true how come I know about October 2012?  Maybe another me told me... I mean him... The future me - Whatever, In order to get it straight I just need to loiter for a little bit and wait for another me to show up, hopefully together I can clear up this World Series thing. 

I lingered in the hallway just waiting for something to happen; I could hear footsteps approaching the corner where the paradox always began.  I could tell from the footfalls that something was different and I wasnt wearing dress shoes I must have been wearing sneakers.  I straightened up to meet myself, this was the first time that I had loitered to meet me on purpose, all of the other times it had occurred as a coincidence.  I found myself quoting Yuko Ichihara: " There are no coincidences in this world only the inevitable... If you are going to do something or not do something, that is a promise to yourself. And the one who keeps the promise, or breaks the promise, is you. No one else can be burdened with holding you to a promise that’s made to yourself." --- Good stuff to remember.    

I turned the corner to meet me.  I met the me that was about 9 years old, I dont remember this happening to me, this is going to give me a raging headache later.  "Mister, where is this place, where am I?"  I was stunned I was almost unable to answer myself, in every instance where I had met my youngest selves I had not recalled the meeting until after it had occurred, my memory centers would grow exponentially causing severe headaches as the new old memories bombarded the temporal lobes.  The short term stuff was easy to handle as the hippocampus unfolded much easier in these meetings and it was more instant recall than long term.  This time I could feel that it was different my cerebral cortex started recalling the old memories immediately.  I remember this meeting the man made me feel creepy and a little scared.  In my young mind I called him Stranger Crow and I imagined that he would come to my home at night and just sit in my room throwing stones at me.  Funny I guess this stranger in the short black jacket has been with me all of my life.  A smirk slid across my lips and I remembered thinking originally that he was an incarnation of Ga-Gorib and I was an incarnation of Heitsi-eibib.  I remember thinking something else about this Ga-Gorib.   

I took steps to alleviate the fear of a child in myself by trying to be nice.  "Whatcha doin here kid?" 

"Mister, I am lost and I dont know how I got here, is this where you go when you go to wait to get to heaven?" 

"Why would you think this is heaven kid?  Why do you think you're dead kid?  Cause I am sure as heck not an angel? 

"Mister the last thing I remember I was standing at 2nd base waiting for Yusef to hit me in with an RBI.  I saw the pitch and the last thing I saw was Yusef swing so I started for 3rd then I felt something hot on the back of my neck, next thing I know I am getting off of the elevator." 

I wanted to tell the younger version of me that I remembered that day; Yusef was in tears when I came to cause he thought that the police were going to put him in jail like they had his cousin Kalif cause of an accident.  I knew that I could not give my younger self these details but I could make a few things easier for the kid me to deal with what was happening.  "Kid, I tell you what while we are here together I will answer a question or two for you, ask me anything."  Although I remember this meeting in general a lot of the particulars were lost on the adult me today. 

Being the eternal master of the non sequitur I asked myself the 64 thousand dollar question: "Why do some girls hit you and run but when you catch them they cry?" 

Kid I am older than you and I still dont have a solid answer to that question but that Gail is going to eventually let you catch her and not cry. 

I looked up at myself with amazement and wonder; I had a very suspicious look on my little face sort of like how did I know he had a crush on Gail with the pretty light brown eyes.  I said nothing back to me about the Gail comment. 

"Okay Kid that was one question what else you got?"  

I hesitated for a moment then the kid logic went into overdrive: "Mister, if I am not dead then is this a dream?" 

"Sort of kid sort of, good news it can end when you want it to end."

"How Mister?" 

"All you have to do kid is get back on the elevator."

"Thanks, Mister but not yet I got two more questions." 

I was always an honest sort and I can see it started early because the kid version of me could have easily said I had only asked two real questions and been close to right.  I had to force myself to remember that I was talking to a younger version of myself, but I also had to admit that I liked this kid, even if it was me or not. 

"Mister do you know what will happen to me when I grow up?" 

I looked down at me and realized that I was quite the forward thinker at a tender age too.  I almost did not want to answer myself to enthusiastically, it was hard to resist. "Yes, I know what happens to you in the future; at least part of your future." 

"Mister how long will I live?  Will I be rich?"

 

"Kid that is a compound question and that puts you one over but I will answer it for you this once.  You will live for quite awhile and you will live a rich life filled with friends and love.  You will have a special relationship and understanding of yourself like no one else you know will ever have.  You will become special and that could lead to you becoming financially rich."  We arrived at the elevator, I let my kid self press the button to summon the elevator.  The kid version of me entered the metal box as the door was closing he leaned to the side and asked... 

"Are you a super hero?"

I remember asking the Stranger that question and he did not answer he just smiled as the door shut and I woke up on the baseball field with Yusef looking down at me with tears in his eyes and the coaches crowded around me.  Coach Tarver had his cell phone out whoever he was talking to on the phone he was telling them that I was coming around but he still needed an ambulance.  I went back to sleep on the baseball field. 

I woke up in a hospital room with the TV going and my mom was there, it felt like I had been here before.  Just then the door opened and the Stranger walked in dressed like a doctor, he spoke with my mom and then walked over to me and told me that I would be alright.  "Kid you're one lucky kid, a knock on the head like that could have been worse but you will be okay in a few days."  He headed for the room door as he stood there with it open he looked back over his shoulder and said to me "You know that the same thing happened to me when I was your age exactly."  The Stranger walked out of the room and now today I understand I finally met me the first time I walked into the hallway after being hit running from second to third by a baseball in the back of the head by my friend Yusef. 

Loitering in the hallway had done me I mean us some good, now I know how it started perhaps one of me will find out why it keeps happening to us in the future.  

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Near the Levee (repost)...

Architecture About.com: What is a Levee?

Topics: #BlackLivesMatter, African Americans, Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Civil Rights, Climate Change, Global Warming, History, Politics

© 21 September 2005, The Griot Poet

Inspired by the article from Dr. Cornel West: “Exiles from a city and from a nation,” 11 September 2005.

Note: I corrected the spelling of levee in the title and text (it was originally "levy" as a double entendre). On reflection of the carnival barking political times we're in and to avoid the appearance of xenophobia, a preposition and country name were both exchanged from their original versions. The piece still hits powerfully, and clarifies instead of stereotypes, origin of the demand for drugs in this country is this country in total, and no one group in particular.

Dedicated to my cousin from New Orleans, John (Gus) Holmes, Jr., his beautiful family, and the survivors of Hurricane Katrina (note: they're all fine, and relocated to another state).

**********

“When you live so close to death”

You create songs in the French Quarter on Slave Sundays that follow no pattern.

Rhythm set by clap and tambourine; washboard and kettle drum,

Old people hum in accompaniment to a Constantine Christian jubilee celebration of no cotton bailed; no backbreaking labor toiled.

The one suit you own is spoiled from overuse, and your children’s children carry on the tradition of “dress up” to anesthetize their pain.

“When you live so close to death”

The Mississippi delta builds a sediment foundation for your tragicomic pain:

“Laughing to keep from crying” births the blues!

“When you live so close to death”

People of your hue fought and escaped the French back in the day, and each day are turned away each year as they try to escape the death-hole now known as… Haiti.

“When you live so close to death, you live (life a little) more intensely,”

You create order out of chaos, from Massa raping your sisters and mothers to slaves tipping with another man’s lover: “hey baby, can we JAZZ around a little bit”?

Fighting fiercely in mock duels modeled after “southern gentlemen,” feeling disrespected, passing it down from Jazz procreation to your Hip Hop great-grandchildren’s generation as being “dissed”: with the same deadly consequences.

“When you live so close to death”

What are scraps from Massa’s table become culinary creations:

- Craw dads;

- Jambalaya;

- Gumbo;

- Shrimp Creole

- And Etoufée!

“When you live so close to death”

Lead and pollutants they allowed for your kind to warp your minds & drive the I.Q.s of your babies down scarred your psychology

BEFORE the levees broke;

BEFORE the drug flights to America!

“When you live so close to death”

You are not counted; clouded – an invisible majority under the all-mighty shadow of insignificance: exiles in your own country, resembling from years of neglect more “third world” than ninth ward or US citizenry

Hence, their news media in their quest for a ratings spree mislabeled you “refugees.”

Now, suddenly they are on our side, “shocked and awed” back to the reality of their sacred duty to inform the citizenry of a democracy… neglected for five years.

Shocked by the sight of dead bodies marred by dogs and crocodiles, piled in stairwells like logs… floating downstream! It seems perceptions change once you’re beyond a sheltered, suburban political haze, and find YOURSELF for many days

Breathing the stench,

Your own eyes seeing,

Your own ears hearing the gunshots and screams… in this country,

You cannot believe you could stay reasonably SANE…

Living so close to death!
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Fire Mountains of the Moon...

This NASA image shows the moon coalescing from debris created when a Mars-size object slammed into the early Earth. Carbon found in lunar samples suggests that the moon's surface composition was very similar to Earth's.
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight


Topics: Moon, Planetary Science, NASA


The ancient lunar surface once erupted with geysers of lava — and now, scientists think they know what caused those fiery fountains.

Current research suggests that the moon formed when a Mars-size object barreled into Earth in the early solar system, and for a long time, its surface was much different from the staid, unmoving landscape present today. Rather, the moon's surface was hot and active, and magma often bubbled up from below and broke the surface in fiery fountains — like a molten-hot version of Old Faithful. Until recently, researchers were unsure of the driving force behind those explosions, which could reveal more about conditions on the early moon.

But now, scientists may have found a possible culprit for the molten explosions: carbon monoxide. [Watch: How the Moon Was Made]

"The carbon is the one that is producing the large spectacle," said Alberto Saal, a geologist at Brown University in Providence and co-author of the new study. "With a little bit of water, with a little bit of sulfur — but the main driver is carbon."

This finding suggests the early moon's makeup was very close to early Earth's, Saal told Space.com. "All these volatile elements … are in concentrations that are very similar to the lava that formed the ocean floor of the Earth," he said.

Space.com: Fire Fountains of the Ancient Moon Explained, Sarah Levin

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Alibaba and 30 Qubits...

Image Source: Alibaba group's offices in Hangzhou, China. (Courtesy: Alibaba group)


Topics: Computer Science, Research, STEM, Quantum Computer


The global effort to develop practical quantum computers got a boost this month with the inauguration of a dedicated laboratory in Shanghai, China. The new lab – a joint venture between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese online retail giant Alibaba – aims to develop a general-purpose prototype quantum computer by 2030.

The new CAS–Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory's interim goals include the coherent manipulation of 30 quantum bits (qubits) by 2020, and quantum simulation with calculation speeds equivalent to those achieved by today's fastest supercomputers by 2025. This ambitious series of five-year plans will be supported by an annual injection of $5m from Alibaba's cloud-computing subsidiary, Aliyun, over the next 15 years.

Physics World: Joint quantum-computing venture is a first for China
Xin Ling is a science writer based in Beijing

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Accretion of Dark Matter...

Image Source (and sound): Dark Matter Sound System - Band Camp


Topics: Black Holes, Dark Matter, General Relativity, Heliophysics, Humor, Quantum Cosmology


First of all, from the astrophysics classes I've taken, accretion is attributed to stars diffusing material around it, usually to create things like planets. This is a novel way to look at the pursuit of dark matter and I found the paper intriguing.

What teachers will hate me for: since everyone knows what a black hole looks like, and it really didn't coincide with the paper (abstract below), I did find a techno metal group that has a whole unique take on combining the two subjects (link below above image). As always, I get no gratuities for sharing this, but hopefully like me, it makes you grin for many of you, the first day of school (at least in Texas). Think of it as your "hook," but don't dwell on it very long...the students will catch on you're enjoying it too much.

Abstract

Searches for dark matter imprints are one of the most active areas of current research. We focus here on light fields with mass mB, such as axions and axion-like candidates. Using perturbative techniques and full-blown nonlinear Numerical Relativity methods, we show that (i) dark matter can pile up in the center of stars, leading to configurations and geometries oscillating with frequency which is a multiple of f=2.51014 mBc2/eV Hz. These configurations are stable throughout most of the parameter space, and arise out of credible mechanisms for dark-matter capture. Stars with bosonic cores may also develop in other theories with effective mass couplings, such as (massless) scalar-tensor theories. We also show that (ii) collapse of the host star to a black hole is avoided by efficient gravitational cooling mechanisms.

Physics arXiv: Accretion of dark matter by stars
Richard Brito, Vitor Cardoso, Hirotada Okawa

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MXenes...

Add caption


Topics: Condensed Matter Physics, Green Energy, Green Tech, Materials Science, Metamaterials, Nanotechnology


Otherwise known as Two-Dimensional, Ordered, Double Transition Metals Carbides (MXenes), the title of the actual paper, and quoting the article (link below): "A technique for fusing different elements in layers to make a uniform and stable composite with predictable properties could open up routes to faster, smaller and more efficient energy storage devices, supercapacitors and wear-resistant and tough armored materials, according to a team at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Babak Anasori and his colleagues at Drexel and Linköping University, Sweden, have demonstrated how to sandwich together two-dimensional sheets of molybdenum, titanium and carbon that would otherwise not stick together."

Abstract

The higher the chemical diversity and structural complexity of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the higher the likelihood they possess unique and useful properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict the existence of two new families of 2D ordered, carbides (MXenes), M′2M″C2 and M′2M″2C3, where M′ and M″ are two different early transition metals. In these solids, M′ layers sandwich M″ carbide layers. By synthesizing Mo2TiC2Tx, Mo2Ti2C3MTx, and Cr2TiC2Tx (where T is a surface termination), we validated the DFT predictions. Since the Mo and Cr atoms are on the outside, they control the 2D flakes’ chemical and electrochemical properties. The latter was proven by showing quite different electrochemical behavior of Mo2TiC2Tx and Ti3C2Tx. This work further expands the family of 2D materials, offering additional choices of structures, chemistries, and ultimately useful properties.

Materials Today: Metal sandwich solution, David Bradley

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Just for BSFS Members!!!

Thanks to Jarvis I'm going to offer the members of BSFS a $50 advertising deal! You can get 75 audio ads and 25 video ads on my network for $50!!! Gotta do it by Noon tomorrow Sunday August 23rd!!! 

If you aren't ready to advertise now...no worries! You can buy the package and pick which month you want to use it in over the next 12 months!!!

Make payments via PayPal to: Info@myjbn.com put BSFS Deal in the subject! 

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The Drumbeat of New Genes...

Skip Sterling for Quanta Magazine


Topics: Biology, Diversity, Diversity in Science, DNA, Women in Science


Note: I'm in a process integration class for work, August 20 and 21st. I will also take some time offline to celebrate my youngest son's 23rd birthday. Taking a "human" break celebrating my own version of new genes; resuming Monday.

Emerging data suggests the seemingly impossible — that mysterious new genes arise from “junk” DNA.

Genes, like people, have families — lineages that stretch back through time, all the way to a founding member. That ancestor multiplied and spread, morphing a bit with each new iteration.

For most of the last 40 years, scientists thought that this was the primary way new genes were born — they simply arose from copies of existing genes. The old version went on doing its job, and the new copy became free to evolve novel functions.
Olena Shmahalo/Quanta Magazine; source: Tautz and Domazet-Lošo, _Nature Reviews Genetics_, 2011.
New genes appear to burst into existence at various points along the evolutionary history of the mouse lineage (red line). The surge around 800 million years ago corresponds to the time when earth emerged from its “snowball” phase, when the planet was almost completely frozen. The very recent peak represents newly born genes, many of which will subsequently be lost. If all genes arose via duplication, they all would have been generated soon after the origins of life, roughly 3.8 billion years ago (green line).

Certain genes, however, seem to defy that origin story. They have no known relatives, and they bear no resemblance to any other gene. They’re the molecular equivalent of a mysterious beast discovered in the depths of a remote rainforest, a biological enigma seemingly unrelated to anything else on earth.

Quanta Magazine: A Surprise Source of Life’s Code, Emily Singer

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When I was 5 I remember myself listening to the news, and the fight of the oppressed Kenyans for freedom impressed me.  I was 5-6 years old, a nerdy boy. 

Today I received this email highlighting this historic moments. 

http://www.naplesnews.com/entertainment/books/miami-beach-woman-writes-book-about-a-kenyan-freedom-fighter_95969465

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Supersonic Buckyballs...



Fig 2: a) C60 impinging on Cu (111). b) Excited electronic states visited during a TD-DFT simulation of C20 final configuration after cage breaking on Cu (111) surface at 14 eV (Corresponding to C60 at 42 eV). c) C20 final configuration after cage breaking on Cu (111) surface. d) Total electronic energy of the system during a metadynamics simulation starting from the configuration of a broken C60 cage on Cu (111) surface. e) Final configuration on the metadynamics-DFT simulation.

Topics: Buckminsterfullerene, C60, Condensed Matter Physics, Graphene, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Nanotechnology


TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: Graphene is one of the wonder materials of our age. It is some 200 times stronger than steel, it is an extraordinary conductor of heat and electricity, and it is almost transparent. And yet making graphene is still tricky, particularly when it needs to sit on a substrate for applications such as electronics.

Today, Simone Taioli at the Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications in Italy and a few pals say they’ve worked out how to do it starting with the famous football-shaped molecule buckminsterfullerene.

Their idea is remarkably simple: bombard the substrate with buckyballs travelling at supersonic speeds. That’s fast enough to crack them open when they hit, and the resulting unzipped cages then bond together to form a graphene film.

Researchers have long thought of using buckyballs as a precursor for graphene. But the only way to get them to unzip and bind together is to heat them to temperatures in excess of around 600 °C.

Physics arXiv:
Towards room-temperature single-layer graphene synthesis by C60 Supersonic Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Roberta Tatti, Lucrezia Aversa, Roberto Verucchi, Emanuele Cavaliere, Giovanni Garberoglio, Nicola M. Pugno, Giorgio Speranza, Simone Taioli

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Slow-Walking Wakanda...

Source: Kotaku.com

Topics: #BlackLivesMatter, Commentary, Diversity, Diversity in Science, Science Fiction


The Black Panther – apart from the armed activist group of the 1960’s, and its most recent modern incarnation – was literally the first non-white superhero brought out in 1966 via The Fantastic Four (issue #52) and other clones were pursued thereafter by Marvel and DC: Black Lightning; Luke Cage: Hero for Hire; Cyborg; Static Shock; John Stewart/Green Lantern (not the recently retired comedian). I started a Facebook group almost as an electronic vigil to the movie, its release well past the retirement of the first African American president with paternal ties to the mother continent. Pity...

I've been reading through a lot of essays online about the meaning of the character and what could (or could not) happen with him in a movie with Chadwick Boseman (Jackie Robinson in “42” and James Brown in “Get on Up”). I say “slow-walking” because the project has been on-the-books since Wesley Snipes in the “Blade” heyday (note: Chris Evans was the Human Torch before he became Captain America, so an actor playing two fantasy superheroes apparently isn’t much of an issue). This was of course, before Wes’ incursion with the law for NOT paying $12 million in taxes. He’s back out and on television now in a series: “The Player” about high-stakes gambling. I have nothing against Boseman as an actor, and I think he’ll likely do a fine job at it. I wouldn't even mind Wesley playing the role of T’Chaka (T’Challa’s father) as that plays an important role in the story’s arc. What concerns me is essentially, Hollywood getting the meaning of the character in proper context, and if they themselves are comfortable with that meaning.

“Wakanda is a small country in Africa notable for never having been conquered in its entire history. When you consider the history of the region, the fact that the French, the English, the Belgians or any number of Christian or Islamic invaders were never able to defeat them in battle…well it’s unprecedented.”

That quote was from the movie “Marvel Knights: The Black Panther.” You can see the story board I transcribed those words from here; the movie if you want to purchase it at this link here. Note: I will get no royalties or gratuities. It's purely on you.

Those words: “…never having been conquered in its entire history.” Whether you hear them on the DVD, or read them, they are jarring; damning in its great and deliberate descriptions of colonial conquerors and the subtle delineation of the means a people are conquered: removal of history (a knowledge of self); language (forced to speak that of your conquerors); culture and religion (forced to absorb, or appropriate the dominate culture’s). The director – Mark Brooks – was deliberate in his wordings, to set the scene. I literally saw it late at night on cable and knew I HAD to have a copy.

Will that be the case with the upcoming movie?

“Never having been conquered” is unprecedented; it means their people were left alone with their language, culture, history and religion intact. Right there: it’s a nod to African animism, which predated any influences of the monotheistic faiths of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. The Black Panther, as many online sources explain, is the ceremonial title of the ruler of Wakanda. Right there: it’s NOT a democratic republic; it’s autocratic, like Pharaohs in Egypt. They developed advanced technology free of western influence (like the pyramids of Egypt, NOT “ancient aliens” or Apocalypse mutants!). Right there: Vibranium allowed them a freedom no other than a small few of African nations on the continent possesses, making them the envy of covetous, greedy operators. The fact they’ve “never been conquered” means they weren’t made an extension of Belgium, England, France, Ireland, Italy, Spain or “Americanized” and frankly didn’t care to be. That T’Challa can trace his ancestry back 10,000 years to the first Black Panther makes me jealous: I trace mine to my great-grandmother and great-grandfather, freed slaves in 1865. 400 generations versus 6 generations makes me feel “puny” by comparison. Many African and Asian cultures have the same strong reference; the same intact sense of self and culture.

“Never having been conquered,” the fictional element Vibranium is brought up first in “Captain America: The First Avenger” (it’s the metal in Cap’s shield), “The Avengers” and “Avengers: Age of Ultron” (part of the action takes place in Wakanda). Unlike other parts of Africa with oil, diamonds and other mineral wealth that due to colonialism and greed, the people living ABOVE it can never benefit from the wealth on the open market. Hell, Wakanda kicked the Skrulls OFF THE PLANET, and sent them packing back to outer space! Oh, and T’Challa has a PhD in Physics from Oxford; a scientific genius on par with Reed Richards and physical skills equal or superior to Cap's: what does THAT mean in the continued age of emulating professional athletes and rappers ad nauseum?

So again, I point to the nature of fiction: comic book fiction, heroic fiction, fantasy fiction, science fiction and the tendency to only think the verisimilitude of even fantastic stories “believable” if they are led by an all-white cast. The same Hollywood where Oscar voters are 94% white; 76% male and the average age is 63 years are trusted to tell a story that could have ramifications beyond the screen life of Black Panther. For example, the reboot of the Fantastic Four included Michael B. Jordan (“Fruitvale Station”) as Johnny Storm, and some were livid from online commentary about “authenticity” of the character. Granted, I liked the first "Four" because it was as close to the original story as I’ve seen, Chris Evans as The Torch and Mike Chiklis as The Thing were hilarious; Kerry Washington as Alicia Masters was a change almost ignored. I know Iris West, her TV father Joe and Wally West on the Flash Season 2 are reworked as African Americans a story line borrowed from The New 52. I’m betting since Grant Gustin isn’t reprising the role in the movies, they’ll somehow rediscover the original hue of all the characters.

For another earlier example, fan boys lost their collective minds when Heimdall in “Thor” was played by Idris Elba and Hogun the Grim was played by Japanese actor Tadanobu Asano. Okay, Heimdall in traditional Norse mythology is supposed to be the brother of Lady Sif, and with Idris’ tan, that looked highly unlikely. In traditional Norse mythology, Thor had red hair, a beard, two wives, a goat drawn chariot and required a power belt and gloves to lift Mjolnir! There are at least 13 variants across the globe of the thunder god: Set (Egypt again) and Shango (Yoruba: Nigeria) noted examples from Africa. In most mythologies, the gods tend to look like its authors. Thor looked Scandinavian for the Vikings; Nigerian for the Yoruba. That’s the point - the stories start from mythology: someone made them up, recently or a long time ago.

Getting back to Idris, him as James Bond would be awkward and negative stereotyping for a black male: The Bond character represents hedonism, misogyny and the extension of “politics by other means” vis-à-vis the British Empire, which started the global slave trade. Hollywood decided to go with the diversity angle not because they joined hands singing Kumbaya and “We Shall Overcome,” but they wanted more ticket sales/revenue. Part of this again is not Hollywood trying to right some social wrong: it is profit, box office, pure and simple. Instead of Norse gods, they were long living aliens taken as gods by our primitive ancestors and an Einstein-Rosen Bridge – Wormhole – Bifrost (“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Sir Arthur C. Clarke, of “2001: A Space Odyssey”). I’ll grant you this: a “white” Black Panther would be oxymoronic and just as hard a story to tell as a black James Bond! However, I don’t expect a Harlem high school doing Macbeth to ship in kids from Westchester, or vice-versa for The Lion King (both cities in New York)! As science-friendly nerd culture is supposed to be, there are still a few areas of social change some of us need to evolve on.

“Never having been conquered” means a culture and civilization that doesn't have to define or redefine itself. They are not arguing for reparations as they have no need for them (nothing was stolen from them): they have resources and wealth they can protect and trade as equals; they have nothing to prove to anyone. (Black lives probably matter a lot more in Wakanda than Ferguson.) If the story is told right, it should be jarring to the senses and spark conversations, all be any fleeting. Any dialogue will likely be brief as we tend to be tribal despite our advanced technology and cling to our own and its illusions. What I remember in middle school during the seventies when “Roots” first aired as a miniseries. It was the first time anyone had heard of Alex Haley, or associated him with “The Autobiography of Malcolm X.” Some of my white classmates at the time came up to me and apologized for slavery. It was a noble gesture, but I often wonder in the online forums I see many comments on things like the Battle Flag of Robert E. Lee’s North Virginia Regiment (mistaken by many through historical misappropriation as the Flag of the Confederacy), if my former classmates' gracious mea culpa has reversed, and ossified?

Again, any dialogue will be fleeting at best. But flit chatter is better than shouted insult; choked-to-death adults; bullets in worshipers at churches and teenagers due to rap music, cigarillos, ice tea and skittles any day. We might actually get somewhere with opening a dialogue long overdue. For this being the 21st Century, we owe it to ourselves and our progeny to get it right this time.

Reference links:

http://www.comicbookmovie.com/black_panther/news/?a=123396
http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/are-these-set-photos-of-what-wakanda-will-look-like-in-marvels-black-panther-movie-20150512
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1Hu6yXLjEc

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Agents of BMRLA

The Bureau of Metaphysical Research and Logistics Agency a covert, clandestine agency operates outside and beyond the authority of shadow governments around the world in complete secrecy with total autonomy.  Their area of expertise includes all phenomena associated with the occult, including but not limited to the paranormal, extraterrestrial and intra-terrestrial, time paradoxes, astral projection, mind manipulation, remote viewing, and reanimation. The world’s foremost experts of their fields have been contracted and deployed for their expertise in the fields of Fringe science, and Occult studies.  Agents of BMRLA are scattered around the globe like cells waiting to be activated for their assignments.  These covert agents operate with clandestine objectives and agendas. Dorian Grey child prodigy born in Ethiopia of Egyptian parents protects the world from occult and supernatural threats; threats that do not come from technology against man but the unseen world around man.  Affectionately called D.G. she is the director of field operations, and the liaison between government agencies such as the FBI, NSA, KGB, Interpol, the CIA, and the DOD under the guise of Vatican archive curator. Her knowledge of ancient artifacts scrolls and numerous antiquities gained her complete autonomy.  Dr. Grey raised in Britain educated in Oxford holds PhDs in Forensic Anthropology, Archeology, Astral physics, and a world renowned linguist of ancient languages.  Dr. Grey recreated BMRLA in complete confidentiality and utilizes the Vatican’s resources. She protects the benevolent magic in the so called third world countries with Africa as her main objective. The agency’s primary purpose is to maintain balance on the planet, and return stolen artifacts to their ancestral homeland.  This particular  organization has existed for centuries under various names and titles eradicating the planet of malevolent forces keeping the balance between light and dark; however upon every encounter of evil  a trail  leads back to Rome, hence an agent infiltrates the Vatican with the help of a centuries old secret society to right the wrongs of the past. 

 Her colleague Dr. Courtney Uganda is a mathematician and social scientist who teaches in the Department of Political Science at the University in South Africa. Independent of her work at the university, she is also the leading scholar on the subject of "remote viewing" as it is done using procedures that were developed by the United States military and used for espionage purposes, with procedures that are derivative of those methodologies of a phenomenon of nonlocal consciousness known as "remote viewing" which they will need to locate a mysterious artifact locked in an underground bunker beneath the Vatican that has somehow gained consciousness as members of the Papal office mysteriously disappear.

 Meanwhile in another part of the world Leila Ali an agent of BMRLA must make her way to the city of Djenne to the great mosque and retrieve the ancient scrolls of Orion and replace them with duplicates before a faction of priest called the Legionnaires of Christ. They are tasked with pillaging the great mosque and destroying Mali’s most religious treasures. She must intercept the scrolls before her nemesis execute their objective of destruction. However caught in the middle of a U.S. drone strike gone horribly wrong a desperate race now ensues through the Sahara one of the world’s most inhospitable environments. 

You've just experienced a taste of "The Dorian Grey Files Womb of Darkness" books one & two 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwKntSgXgMI

available at amazon

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W. Blake Heitzman's, The Robot's Daughter, presented a challenge from the initial planning stage; my and Blake's first live chat on the contact page on my website.

In the end, Blake and I decide to choose a key, turning-point scene, that didn't also mimic what the title implies, allowing the title to offer a separate clue than the visual does ...

We also wanted to have a female-reader-friendly cover.

Sci-fi is predominantly a male genre. We knew anything about robots and spaceships would attract the guys, but we wanted something to catch the female eyes, as well. What better than a half-naked, modern day South-West Native American in jeans, boots, and cowboy hat alongside his furry, shape-shifting spirit-companion?

The biggest challenge? The lighting. Nighttime scenes are tricky to begin with, but nighttime scenes with a glowing spaceship that lights the environment is even trickier. The trick? LOTS of drafts and cussing ... lol.

From distant regions of the galaxy to the offices of the world’s most advanced corporation a war rages between good and evil, but for the robot’s daughter the horror comes from within. 

Don't forget to connect with Blake on social media and his blog:
Facebook  
Twitter 
Blog


Onto wrapping up the next book :-D


Until next time ...


This post edited by Grammarly* ~ NOW FREE FOR CHROME USERS!


*Blurbs and quotes provided are not edited by WillowRaven, but posted as provided by author/publisher. 
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TED and Drake...

The Drake Equation


Topics: Astrobiology, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Drake Equation, SETI, TED


Note: today is my birthday. This blog auto posts, and I'm not doing anything special, as I'll be at work through Sunday. I haven't celebrated my birthday since the age of seven (or, as my mother said: "this kid is weird!"). Enjoy your weekend as well.

The Drake equation quantifies the probabilistic argument that gives the approximate number of active extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy or the whole Universe. At its original form Drake equation has 7 factors, including the average star formation rate, the fraction of stars that have planets, the number of planets per star and others. Even though the equation seems extremely simple at the first glance, coming up with sensible values for the factors is much harder than one might think.

In this recent TEDx video Fred Crawford, who has been teaching physics for over 30 years, discusses the main factors of Drake’s equation and describes how we arrive to sensible values of each of them. For more similar videos use the links below.
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Fifth Giant Planet...

NASA, ESA, AND G. BACON (STSCI)
An artist's impression of an object in the Kuiper belt at the outer edge of the solar system.


Topics: Astronomy, Planetary Science, Space Exploration


A cluster of icy bodies in the same region as Pluto could be proof that our early solar system was home to a fifth giant planet, according to new research. That planet may have “bumped” Neptune during its migration away from the sun 4 billion years ago, causing the ice giant to jump into its current orbit and scattering a cluster of its satellites into the Kuiper belt in the outer solar system.

The cluster—a grouping of about a thousand icy rocks called the “kernel”—has long been a mystery to astronomers. The rocks stick close together and never veer from the same orbital plane as the planets, unlike the other icy bodies that inhabit the belt. Previous studies proposed that the tightly bound objects formed from violent collisions of larger parent bodies, but that hypothesis fell apart as soon as scientists realized these collisional families would have to be stretched across the Kuiper belt.

Science:
Our early solar system may have been home to a fifth giant planet, Nola Taylor Redd

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Connecting the Spots...

Sunspots on the solar surface, September 2011. (Courtesy: NASA/SDO/HMI)


Topics: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Global Warming, Heliophysics


With respect to climate change, the activity of sunspots has been a red herring to deflect from the actual data that points in our direction. I saw that there were 11 comments, most of the troll variety; most likely without a background in STEM, Environmental Engineering or Heliophysics. The disdain for expertise expressed on a platform that they likely could never design is simultaneously amusing and saddening. It's like having a "better opinion" you can deliver a baby over a gynecologist.

A recalibration of data describing the number of sunspots and groups of sunspots on the surface of the Sun shows that there is no significant long-term upward trend in solar activity since 1700, contrary to what was previously thought. Indeed, the corrected numbers now point towards a consistent history of solar activity over the past few centuries, according to an international team of researchers. Its results suggest that rising global temperatures since the industrial revolution cannot be attributed to increased solar activity. The analysis, its results and its implications for climate research were discussed today at a press briefing at the IAU XXIX General Assembly currently taking place in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Measuring the sunspot number – or Wolf number – is one of the longest running scientific experiments in the world today, and provides crucial information to those studying the solar dynamo, space weather and climate change. Scientists have been observing and documenting sunspots – cool, dark regions of strong magnetism on the solar surface – for more than 400 years, ever since Galileo first pointed his telescope at the Sun in 1610. Scientists have also known about the solar cycle – an approximately 11-year period during which the Sun's magnetic activity oscillates from low to high strength, and then back again – since the mid-18th century, and they have been able to reconstruct solar cycles back to the beginning of the 17th century based on historic observations of sunspot numbers.

Physics World:
New sunspot analysis shows rising global temperatures not linked to solar activity
Tushna Commissariat

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