Reginald L. Goodwin's Posts (3117)

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A Century of Quantum Mechanics...



In this lecture, Prof David Gross talks all about quantum mechanics. Today quantum mechanics is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. But how did it all start? Gross discusses the roots of quantum mechanics and the problems that lead to the creation of the theory. This inevitably turns into a discussion of the work of the early quantum pioneers such as Bohr, Einstein, Pauli, Dirac and others. Finally, the present status of quantum mechanics is introduced in the light of the outstanding problems that modern physicists face. PhysicsDatabase.com
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Carbon Inside...

The structure of the carbon nanomaterials employed, where the diameter of the semiconducting SWCNTs is in the 0.8–1.2 nm range. (Courtesy: Nano Lett.)

A new solar cell made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that is twice as good at converting sunlight into power than the best previous such cells has been unveiled by a team of researchers in the US. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has already independently certified the performance of the device – a first for a CNT-based solar cell.



Thin-film photovoltaic materials are better than conventional solar-cell materials (such as silicon) because they are lighter, more flexible and cheaper to make. They work by absorbing photons from sunlight and converting these into electron–hole pairs (or excitons). To generate electric current, an electron and hole must be rapidly separated before the two particles have a chance to come back together and be reabsorbed into the material. In solar cells, the exciton must quickly travel to another layer in the device (where the charge separation will occur) for the best light-absorption efficiencies.



Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal as thin-film photovoltaics because they absorb light across a wide range of wavelengths from the visible to the near-infrared and possess charge carriers (electrons and holes) that move quickly. However, most thin-film cells containing SWCNTs have so far suffered from limited current and voltage, and therefore poor power-conversion efficiencies.



Physics World: Making better solar cells with polychiral carbon nanotubes

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Ferguson and Barney Fife...

Enough said: source, Facebook

Michael Brown should have finished his first week in college. I am not elevating him to apotheosis, just stating a fact. He was likely going to a community college, perhaps learning a skill as a technician. Or, he may have had higher aspirations and shoring up his study skills and academics in a less challenging setting. The problem is, we'll never know the answer.



Instead, he was gunned down, left in the streets for approximately four hours for apparently the lethal crime of jaywalking. Yes, Chief Barney Fife - over a municipality of approximately 21,000 citizens - released a video no less than the Department Of Justice advised he not release, publicly trying a dead teenager that can't object; alluding his video taped guilt of shop lifting cigars from an convenience store was the motive for stopping him (the incidents were separate events). Then, disavowed all knowledge of the story in his second televised interview (then suggesting his officer might have known after all), leaving shocked reporters figuratively with their mouths wide open at the level of their feet. Michael’s democratic governor was feckless and useless during public rebuke Saturday. Senators Claire McCaskill and Elizabeth Warren (D); Ted Cruz and Rand Paul (R) all decried the excessive force of the Missouri Police Department. The irony is this impressive display of militarism wasn't used at the Cliven Bundy Ranch where militia pointed weapons at Bureau of Land Management agents – a federal offense that ended in no dead bodies, an avoided standoff and the tax-evading $1.2 million dollar moocher still on his ranch.



Since the election of the country’s first African American president, we've seen the ugly side of this country that can be illustrated in this faux-related pattern recognition (attributed to Dr. Frances Cress Welsing, “The Isis Papers”):



AMERICA

A-M-E-R-I-C-A…

I-A-M-E-R-C-A…

I-A-M-R-E-C-A

I-A-M-R-A-C-E



“I AM RACE.”



The first African American president (representing a 2.3% probability of "other-than-white-male" since Washington to W) and attorney general are essentially being sued and presumably impeached – individually and/or respectively - for the crime of “president while black”; “attorney general while black” a clear escalation of the “uppity” charge in southern parlance:



Uppity: Taking liberties or assuming airs beyond one's place in a social hierarchy. Assuming equality with someone higher up the social ladder - Urban Dictionary

Michael Brown did the “right things,” though obviously no angel - what teenager is? He “pulled himself up by his own boot straps” which is the usual escape for “we’re NOT going to help you get to whatever your dreams are.” Now he’s the inspiration for the mantra “hands up; don’t shoot!” It is a hash tag; it is a movement in New York, Boston, New Orleans, Howard University and Austin. The veracity of it is currently being investigated as the identity of the officer that shot Michael Brown in the incident report – a public record – has finally been released days after his death – Darren Wilson.



Suddenly, jaywalking can result in lethal force applied to the walker. A video is produced supposedly showing Michael taking cigars from a convenience store. If that is a requisite for deadly force, then the four teenagers that kleptomaniac-ed sneakers as I was being frisked decades ago by the now defunct King's Department Store "defective detective" (inept of logical reasoning, devoid of courtesy and simple police procedure) all should have been shot on sight. The KKK is raising money for the officer that shot Mike Brown as they did for George Zimmerman. And like the case of Eric Garner (“I can’t breathe”) this goes before a Grand Jury, the majority-at-this-point-MAJORITY Grand Jury.

I am angry as an African American male...I am angry as the father of African American males that have never committed a misdemeanor or felony, working in education and engineering respectively to UPLIFT society. I am angry at a society that has made us targets for a rage that is disgusting. I am angry that the six shots - 2 in the head - to subdue Michael Brown for jaywalking were six more than the zero it took to bring Jeffrey Dahmer, James Holmes and Jared Lee Loughner into custody - all mass murderers and the first named a cannibal! They walked into a police office - they were not rolled into a morgue!



Carl Sagan once asked - regarding the environment and somewhat rhetorically: “what are conservatives conserving?



Answer: the status quo that reactionary minds usually defend. Note this description of the book by author Cory Robin, “The Reactionary Mind” (2011):



Late in life, William F. Buckley made a confession to Corey Robin. Capitalism is "boring," said the founding father of the American right. "Devoting your life to it," as conservatives do, "is horrifying if only because it's so repetitious. It's like sex." With this unlikely conversation began Robin's decade-long foray into the conservative mind. What is conservatism, and what's truly at stake for its proponents? If capitalism bores them, what excites them?

Tracing conservatism back to its roots in the reaction against the French Revolution, Robin argues that the right is fundamentally inspired by a hostility to emancipating the lower orders. Some conservatives endorse the free market, others oppose it. Some criticize the state, others celebrate it. Underlying these differences is the impulse to defend power and privilege against movements demanding freedom and equality.



Uppity…Jaywalking…Let’s see the birth certificate!” Then, when they actual see it in long form, not believing it…I want my country back!”…Uppity.



For the liberal/logical, science-based mind, the election of the first black president in the history of the republic was the “Moses moment”; the culmination of King’s “I Have a Dream” exploited by both liberal and conservative politicians and theologians. On the 2008 election, the recently departed Dr. Maya Angelou reflected: “America has finally grown up!” The only time I will ever disagree with the great lady: 150 years later, we're still fighting the Civil War, as if the outcome is still under contention.



For the conservative, reactionary mind, Barack Obama is “the other,” the usurper: Antichrist in some extreme conspiracies. He's faced continual, relentless opposition that has never been seen for any president and never will after his well-deserved retirement. His youth has been sapped by real and contrived crises; internal and external. He looks 80. He didn't need a Supreme Court to decide the count in the same state as his Governor Brother, but he was illegitimate from the aspect that he’d “left his place”; he got the nuclear codes and didn't start Armageddon; he had the audacity to order the kill shots for Somali pirates, Qaddafi and “The Boogie Man” Osama Bin Laden. Couple that with doubling the Dow Jones since the "Great Recession" of 2008; 40+ months of positive job growth, an unemployment rate of 6.2% and you as opposition have a distinct problem with "message." The reactionary opposition is an anti-government movement (that somehow got elected) with the laughable acumen in civics lower than second graders, and a congress with the low confidence score of 14% only means their schemes for “limited government” is about 86% - a successful score once your perspective is flipped.



The threats started in 2007 when he was Senator from Illinois…CANDIDATE, as also Herman Cain experienced in 2012. His first audacity was to win (2008), and then win again (2012) after the opposition meant his defeat even at sacrifice of the democratic republic. The acceleration of age is in the grey in his hair; the lines in his face. He has to balance the complete anarchy of Iraq spiraling out of control after executing the “Status of Forces Agreement” negotiated by his predecessor. He’s being sued in a carnival circus for not implementing the Affordable Care Act – based on a 1989 position paper by the conservative Heritage Foundation – FAST enough, the same act they voted to DE-fund 52 times and suggest impeachment for: following all that?



“I AM RACE.”



No less than the UN is publishing a study at the end of August on our compliance with the elimination of all forms of racism - I'm guessing our "grade" will be below a C-. The ugly underbelly of American bigotry/hierarchy is being exposed to the world via Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, all new mediums as transformative to political engagement as television was to world opinion on the brutality visited upon marchers in the Civil Rights Movement; the opposition to the Vietnam War generated at home. The militarization of policing in communities of color by Barney Fife with MRAPs, tear gas, and sub-machine guns with rubber bullets originated in '72; accelerated in '94, and especially after 9-11 with the "global war on terror," like the "war on drugs" designed as never-ending. In this regard, Barney doesn't shoot the floor inches from his toes and an eye-rolling, groaning Andy Griffith takes his one bullet - his substantial armory is for the battlefield. Otis – the Mayberry town drunk – still staggers in on Friday nights to let himself in his cell; he has nothing, NOTHING to worry about from MRAPs, machine guns, rubber bullets or tear gas…he’s not "the threat" Barney’s likely to react violently to. I don't know how long the global economy will tolerate this until the Dollar is replaced by the Yuan and Euro, and for our reaching back to an "Ozzie and Harriet" utopia that never existed - seals our irrelevance in the pages of history.



The wretchedness of racism is as evident in 2014 as was in 1914 or 1864. Renisha McBride, Michael Brown, Jonathan Ferrell, Trayvon Martin, Jordan Davis are the president and attorney general in effigy; they are accessible targets of Barney's et al delusional psychopathic hatred...they will eventually find other targets not based on melanin.

"We The People" all are.
Commander William Adama - Battlestar Galactica (Sci-Fi series)


First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out—
Because I was not a Socialist.

Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out—
Because I was not a Trade Unionist.

Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out—
Because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for me—and there was no one left to speak for me.



Martin Niemöller, US Holocaust Memorial Museum

Added:

Democracy Now!: Ferguson Protests Erupt Near Grave of Ex-Slave Dred Scott, Whose Case Helped Fuel U.S. Civil War

PBS: Dred Scott case: the Supreme Court decision

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Iie Seppuku...



I had a wonderful birthday. I visited the American Museum of Natural History, the Hayden Planetarium and Central Park. I got many well-wishes on Facebook and other social media. This seemed a strange post so soon after one's 52nd birthday, but...

I lost a friend of my college youth in Winston-Salem: she was to have turned 50 in one week from August 14. A heart attack, so young...an adult male child and 12 year-old-daughter left behind.

We all lost Robin Williams and Lauren Bacall...an ironic, coincidence of "threes," until Wednesday, Trekkie's everywhere lost Arlene Martel -  T'Pring. I would be remiss not to mention the heartbreaking tragedy of Michael Brown in Missouri (I will speak more on that tomorrow). Robin sadly, chose to end his life abruptly, as another part of memories of my youth slips away.

As I thrilled at the action in "The Last Samurai," seppuku loomed large in one of the first scenes. Before the subject could experience pain (and thus show "dishonor" in facing death), his second-in-command (Kaishakunin). would "dispatch" him quickly - you can see how at the link. I sat in the theater, and wondered if the warrior class had masked what we'd now know as anxiety; depression; post-traumatic stress disorder and made it "noble," masking our fears of failure. Even in the armed services, we talk about the "noble sacrifice," sending soldiers, sailors and airmen to meat grinders without thought of treating them for the aftermath (if they survive) and reintegrating them into a populace hopefully less violent than the battlefield, though that sadly is slipping away from civil society.

I am reminded also of a dark time when my thoughts were invaded by depression, and what Robin Williams accomplished, I briefly contemplated. It was not cowardice, as some inane television pundits quipped like verbal Tourettes (at least with social media pressure, he apologized), but an almost calculated - albeit twisted - "logic" at the end of despair; made "noble," similar to the Samurai, even though the people that would survive your deed would be burdened with "why?" with no clear answers or ritual dogma to comfort them. In dark tunnels, you must continually reach for the light no matter how dim or (its candle perceived) far away, and cry out your pain - silence is a foreboding familiar that will crowd away all else but echos...echos...echos, that only get louder and eventually crowd out all else.

I am 52, not 25. Though I'd love to have my old body with its speed, its strength, its stamina and endurance the only thing I can pass on that I hope is of benefit is the wisdom to talk; to share with others how you're feeling, or in my case how I felt to my family. It's a mental/emotional check on my current condition and a guard against slipping into it again.

Like many engineers during the early 2000's, the industry downturn affected me deeply. I suddenly found myself without a definition. I tried many things; failed at many things until I found myself in the mirror I tended not to look deeply at: I, nerd...still had value and a contribution to give.

Now, with more years behind me than ahead of me, I face eventual oblivion working towards being the best ME I can be; doing what I am in this instance to do before I expire. Someone stated to me what's said at your wake and funeral is the narrative you've written on the papyrus of your life.

Robin Williams, Lauren Bacall, Arlene Martel, Michael Brown and Crystal Phelps have written quite beautiful poems of their existence. I hope to pen as well when my time eventually comes.

Until then, I'll try to stay as mentally and physically healthy as I possibly can and enjoy this life and opportunities given me.

I hope my words help others avoid their own dark place; their own seppuku considerations (Iie Seppuku - "no")...seek counsel; hug your loved ones passionately. They deserve your life lived with them to its fullest.

1-800-273-8255

Peace.
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Sidestepping Uncertainty...

This apparatus at the University of Rochester uses "compressive sensing" techniques to take minimal measurements of laser light's position, thus preserving the abilty to measure its momentum, too.
Gregory A. Howland

A novel way of measuring a photon’s location allows physicists to measure its momentum, too — a feat once thought impossible.



Quantum mechanics imposes a limit on what we can know about subatomic particles. If physicists measure a particle’s position, they cannot also measure its momentum, so the theory goes. But a new experiment has managed to circumvent this rule—the so-called uncertainty principle—by ascertaining just a little bit about a particle’s position, thus retaining the ability to measure its momentum, too.



The uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927, is a consequence of the fuzziness of the universe at microscopic scales. Quantum mechanics revealed that particles are not just tiny marbles that act like ordinary objects we can see and touch. Instead of being in a particular place at a particular time, particles actually exist in a haze of probability. Their chances of being in any given state are described by an equation called the quantum wavefunction. Any measurement of a particle “collapses” its wavefunction, in effect forcing it to choose a value for the measured characteristic and eliminating the possibility of knowing anything about its related properties.

A very GOOD video explanation of Quantum Mechanics at the link, an episode of "Instant Egghead." I promise your hat will still fit after viewing it.



Scientific American:
Particle Measurement Sidesteps the Uncertainty Principle, Clara Moskowitz

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Terahertz Pumping...

Source: Technology Review

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: One of the more significant practical challenges currently occupying molecular biologists is to find better ways of identifying short strands of DNA. Called oligonucleotides, these strands of nucleotides are hugely useful in processes such as genetic testing, forensics and DNA amplification.



But identifying the strands is a somewhat laboured business. Almost every detection method relies on fluorescent dyes and markers that can be picked up by optical sensors providing a useful but indirect indication of the molecules that are present.



But molecular biologists would like a better system that measures the characteristics of the molecules involved and so provides direct evidence of the sequence of nucleotides. Indeed, various research teams are working on such systems, some with significant success.



Today, Andrey Chernev at St Petersburg Academic University in Russia and a few pals say they have invented an entirely new way of identifying oligonucleotides using terahertz radiation. “Our results demonstrate a new method for label-free, real-time oligonucleotide characterisation,” they say.



An oligonucleotide is a short single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule usually consisting of fewer than a hundred or so bases. The sequence of these bases determines the type of oligonucleotide. So the ideal detection mechanism would reveal this sequence.

Abstract

Our results demonstrate a new method for label-free, real-time oligonucleotide characterisation by their self-resonant modes, which are unique to their conformation and sequence. We anticipate that our assay will be used as a starting point for a more detailed investigation of the aforementioned mechanism, which can be used as a basis for oligonucleotide detection and analysis. Furthermore, this technique can be applied to improve existing modern genetics technologies.



Physics arXiv: DNA Detection By THz Pumping
Andrey L. Chernev, Nicolay T. Bagraev, Leonid E. Klyachkin, Anton K. Emelyanov, Michael V. Dubina

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Seeds and Carbon Nanotubes...

This illustration shows how a seed molecule on a platinum surface (left) will accumulated carbon atoms by growing upwards to create a single-walled carbon nanotube with a specific structure. (Courtesy: Juan Ramon Sanchez-Valencia)

The first effective technique for growing a batch of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that all have the same molecular structure has been developed by scientists in Switzerland. The new process involves using "seed molecules" on a platinum substrate to grow SWCNTs with the desired structure. The breakthrough could be extremely important to those developing electronic devices based on SWCNTs because nanotubes with different structures can have very different electronic properties.



An SWCNT can be thought of as an atomically thin sheet of carbon that has been rolled up to form a tube about 1 nm thick, resembling a drinking straw. The carbon sheet always has the same honeycomb structure, which it shares with graphene. However, there are about a hundred different ways that the edges of the sheet can join together to make a tube, and this defines whether an SWCNT conducts electricity like a metal or a semiconductor. In the case of semiconducting nanotubes, the size of the electronic band gap also depends on how the edges are joined.



Electronic devices based on SWCNTs could, in principle, be used to create transistors and other components that are smaller, faster and more energy efficient than those based on silicon. But before that can happen, scientists have to come up with reliable ways of producing batches of SWCNTs with identical structures.



Physics World: Molecular seeds sprout identical carbon nanotubes

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Chaos Theory...

Perhaps we should re-evaluate who was really "stupid"; the birds or the people who allowed the complete extinction of the birds to take place. Word Info

By Simon Powers, University of Lausanne

For hundreds of thousands of years humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies, eating wild plants and animals. Inequality in these groups is thought to have been very low, with evidence suggesting food and other resources were shared equally between all individuals. In fact, in the hunter-gatherer societies that still exist today we see that all individuals have a say in group decision making. Although some individuals may act as leaders in the sense of guiding discussions, they cannot force others to follow them.



But it seems that with the beginning of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, this changed. An elite class began to monopolise resources and were able to command the labour of others to do things, such as build monuments in their honour. So how was it that egalitarian societies, where all men were equal, transitioned into hierarchical societies where despots reigned? See: Raw Story

Once upon a time: hunter-gatherers in small bands had no leaders. We all ate a paleo-diet because that's all that there was - fast food chains hadn't been invented yet. We lived short lives, our vocabularies were limited, but we were ripped to shreds for our brief time in the sun. It was like a John Lennon song.



Then, along with agriculture, cities, finance, commerce, bread and reading, we birthed assholes. The bread made us fat and sedimentary, and since the saber tooth tigers died out - well before the Dodos - we had no natural predators that flexed our muscles or our minds. Couple that with remote controls, home computers, the Internet and flat screens with propaganda-as-news and [non] reality-TV and we were really screwed. The anus-class justified their existence by entrepreneurial genius; "divine right" ('cause, no one can argue with that), and suppression of anyone's rights other than their own. Most of them - like modern psychopaths - rose to prominence in positions of high authority, because they "sounded" like they knew what they were talking about even if they didn't. Keeping us divided through racism, sexism, xenophobia, etc. were and are tactics similar to the cynical observations of LBJ.

Nowadays, the royal anuses finance obfuscation on climate change (as their class previously did on the dangers of leaded gasoline and smoking); bribe politicians obviously addicted to crack cocaine, and buying elections. Speaking of lead, solving it may have remedied a myriad host of issues had the lying not taken place. But again, they excel at convincing everyone they have the answer to everything in simple soundbite philosophies spouted by their uneducated parrots in owned media to their under-educated minions, making John Steinbeck more prophet than author. A salient, poignant sign at the start of the Occupy Wall Street movement stated: "Satan runs Wall Street! One day, the poor will have nothing left to eat BUT the rich!" Never an advocate of cannibalism, but I observe in this case, they will at least be recycled into a usable compost contributing to new hunter-gatherer crops.

Despite Malcolm X's farm metaphor, it is the Dodos that have come home to roost. The birds were slaughtered for meat by the stupid humans that allowed them to perish. We obviously can't solve the problems in the Near East nor problems at our own borders, healthcare or funding the government at home, the Venn diagram intersection being their genesis from US policies that can be summed as "kicking the can down the road" and "whistling in the wind" without the calculation of blow back. Now, "eating our own" - usually, a political metaphor - is applied to the human species, and WHO will pen the image of our remains (at, if it comes to that, our demise)?
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Seeking Vision...

Dr. Z - MySciNet

I had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Z at the joint NSBP/NSHP conference in Austin, Texas. Also met Dr. Hakeem Oluseyi, who you see Saturdays on "Outrageous Acts of Science."



From MySciNet: Aziza Baccouche—Dr. Z, as she calls herself—has made a career connecting scientific research to the people it could affect, such as informing patients about medical developments and getting more minority students interested in science. Her medium is the screen, and she tells the stories of science through documentaries. But Baccouche, a Ph.D. physicist-turned-filmmaker, will likely never clearly see any of her finished products: She became legally blind at the age of 8, and ever since she's relied on her wits, passion for science, excellent memory, and what she calls her vision to achieve success.



"We know power is work over time, that strength is endurance over time. So I endured a lot of obstacles, but at the same time I created strength and vision and wisdom and endurance."



You may/may not get the following "warning":


As the meme says, "remain calm" and open her Ted Talk in You Tube. I assure you it's inspiring and worth it.

Tomorrow: Chaos Theory

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Emerging From Plato's Cave...

Source: Link below

In his Allegory of the Cave, the Greek philosopher Plato described prisoners who have spent their entire lives chained to the wall of a dark cavern. Behind the prisoners lies a flame, and between the flame and prisoners parade objects that cast shadows onto a wall in the prisoners' field of view. These two-dimensional shadows are the only things that the prisoners have ever seen—their only reality. Their shackles have prevented them from perceiving the true world, a realm with one additional dimension to the world that they know, a dimension rich with complexity and—unbeknownst to the prisoners—capable of explaining all that they see. [1]



It could be time to bid the Big Bang bye-bye. Cosmologists have speculated that the Universe formed from the debris ejected when a four-dimensional star collapsed into a black hole — a scenario that would help to explain why the cosmos seems to be so uniform in all directions.



The standard Big Bang model tells us that the Universe exploded out of an infinitely dense point, or singularity. But nobody knows what would have triggered this outburst: the known laws of physics cannot tell us what happened at that moment.



In our Universe, a black hole is bounded by a spherical surface called an event horizon. Whereas in ordinary three-dimensional space it takes a two-dimensional object (a surface) to create a boundary inside a black hole, in the bulk universe the event horizon of a 4D black hole would be a 3D object — a shape called a hypersphere. When Afshordi’s team modelled the death of a 4D star, they found that the ejected material would form a 3D brane surrounding that 3D event horizon, and slowly expand.



The authors postulate that the 3D Universe we live in might be just such a brane — and that we detect the brane’s growth as cosmic expansion. “Astronomers measured that expansion and extrapolated back that the Universe must have begun with a Big Bang — but that is just a mirage,” says Afshordi. [2]



1. Scientific American: The Black Hole That Birthed the Big Bang
2. Nature: Did a hyper-black hole spawn the Universe?

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Rosetta Encounter...

Image Source: Women in Planetary Science

Dr. Alexander is the Project Scientist for the U.S. portion of the international Rosetta mission. She has also been the Cassini Project Staff Scientist and as the final project manager of the Galileo mission, overseeing its fiery crash into Jupiter. Her scientific interests include gaskinetic theory, theory of gaseous escape from planetary and cometary regoliths, theory of surface bound exospheres, magnetospheric plasma theory (terrestrial and planetary), exobiology, interdiciplinary science, and oxidation / reduction potential of planetary and cometary regoliths. Source: see #P4TC links below.

Watch live streaming video from eurospaceagency at livestream.com


Space.com: Rosetta Probe Arrives at Comet
#P4TC links:
Rosetta...
Rosetta's Stone...

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Jugyokenkyu...

Mom's book of "me"

Education



What does research reveal about how people learn and which educational methods and policies are most effective? An evidence-based approach can provide valuable input into often-controversial debates about educational methods and policy. Our reports have examined and synthesized the evidence on a broad range of questions, from how to accurately measure high-school dropout rates, to the effects of incentives on student learning, to how adults learn to read. Given our affiliation with the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering, one area of emphasis is studying how children most effectively learn about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. [1]



OK, that's the official tag line. Coming up with the "most effective" method, as if the previous methods were moribund or ineffective. We got to the moon with slide rules, trig and memorized time tables; not on-board computers, laptops or calculators. Also from personal experience, it helps when your parents think it's important that you learn the material, and help or get help for you when you have struggles. It also helps that adults have an appreciation for lifelong learning and respect the preparation and training STEM fields requires, and how to integrate that into the administration of a democratic republic.



The title of this post is obviously Japanese, and it literally translates to "lesson study," a set of practices that Japanese teachers use to hone their craft. [2] This is not a "bash American Education" post, nor does it attempt to elevate Japanese pedagogy. We can however, learn from other successful models (Finland comes to mind).



The National Academy of Sciences speaks on this concern (see "official tag line" paragraph). One of the links at the article "Climate Change Education Roundtable" (this is the actual link) has by its title, an uphill battle with a well-heeled fossil fuels industry that finances obfuscation to keep the status quo (and, thus the money flow upward *). The tobacco industry exemplī grātiā.



I would just like to do something different than our current flirtation with pseudoscience for political expediency. A false science produces false results. Faux results - assertions not based in reality - are typically in the long run for the wealth of nation states neither sustainable nor profitable.



1. National Academy of Sciences: Topics>Education
2. New York Times: Why Do Americans Stink at Math?

* Yet man is born to trouble as surely as sparks fly upward. Job 5:7

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DIY...

Source: Technology Review

If you find yourself with an old 30 meter satellite communication antenna, what should you do with it? One option is to convert it into a radio telescope, which is exactly what astronomers at the Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand have done with an old dish lying around in the northernmost reaches of the country.

So what exactly do you have to do to convert a communications antenna into a radio telescope? Today, Lewis Woodburn at the Auckland University of Technology and a few pals, answer this question by detailing the process they have gone through to make the conversion.

The old satellite communications dish in question was built in 1984 for the New Zealand Post Office and transferred to Telecom New Zealand in 1987. By 2010, the dish had become obsolete and the company stopped maintenance with the intention of demolishing it. That’s when the Auckland University of Technology stepped in.

Abstract:

We describe our approach to the conversion of a former 100-foot (30-m) telecommunication antenna in New Zealand into a radio telescope. We provide the specifications of the Earth Station and identify the priorities for the conversion. We describe implementation of this plan with regards to mechanical and electrical components, as well as design of the telescope control system, telescope networking for VLBI, and telescope maintenance. Plans for RF, front-end and back-end developments based on radio astronomical priorities are outlined.



Physics arXiv:
Conversion of New Zealand's 30m Telecommunication Antenna into a Radio Telescope
Lewis Woodburn, Tim Natusch, Stuart Weston, Peter Thomasson, Mark Godwin, Sergei Gulyaev

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Nihilistic Narcissists...




"One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors." Plato

Political science is the study of governments, public policies and political processes, systems, and political behavior. Political science subfields include political theory, political philosophy, political ideology, political economy, policy studies and analysis, comparative politics, international relations, and a host of related fields. (For a good cross section of the areas of study, see the list of APSA Organized Sections.) Political scientists use both humanistic and scientific perspectives and tools and a variety of methodological approaches to examine the process, systems, and political dynamics of all countries and regions of the world. American Political Science Association, What is Political Science?



Nihilism (n):

1 a : a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless; b : a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and especially of moral truths

2 a : a doctrine or belief that conditions in the social organization are so bad as to make destruction desirable for its own sake independent of any constructive program or possibility; b capitalized : the program of a 19th century Russian party advocating revolutionary reform and using terrorism and assassination Webster



Narcissism (n):

1 : egoism, egocentrism

2 : love of or sexual desire for one's own body

— nar·cis·sist noun or adjective

— nar·cis·sis·tic adjective

Examples of NARCISSISM

Origin of NARCISSISM



German Narzissismus, from Narziss Narcissus, from Latin Narcissus

First Known Use: 1822, also Webster and Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Lastly, Egoism

1 a : a doctrine that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action, b : a doctrine that individual self-interest is the valid end of all actions; 2 : excessive concern for oneself with or without exaggerated feelings of self-importance — compare egotism 2 Ibid



C-Span feeds it; 24-hour news cycles and "gothca" soundbite politics cultivates it; well-heeled dark money encourages it. The "science" has been removed from the definition and "cult" would be more appropriate.



We should not be surprised one iota that a cult sect that says they're for "limited government" would wish it diminished: "small enough to drown it in the bathtub" to paraphrase Grover Norquist. The apotheosis of "The Gipper" has resulted in a "Facebook for patriots." Despite his deification, The Gipper didn't attend church on a regular basis. Despite his tax-cutting legend, he wasn't above negotiations that meant raising taxes. Even David Stockman - no pinko commie - has pretty much disavowed "trickle-down economics." Today, there is a love of the products of science by the cult and a disdain for its report on Climate Change. Corporate news that has the legal right to lie to the electorate; still lying to itself after its "predictions of the Romney landslide" fell to dried fecal dust. Facts are the bereft antithesis to dogma when your sect disdains the "reality-based community."



550,000 children were sacrificed on Moloch altars; "crematoriums of care" (or, don't care). Their dreams have become nightmares as this political stunt is similar to lemmings in suicide vests for any leverage in the nation's changing demographics. A paired-down "bill" that demands deportation back to the humanitarian crisis meat grinder some of these recent kids escaped; a result of our trade polices, a moribund, oxymoron "war on drugs" and an appetite for the same sorcery. There is 1 death every 74 minutes in Honduras. So much for the "war." Suing the president for using executive powers expanded under his predecessor; then demanding he use the same to "solve the crisis at the border." It would be an SNL skit or an "Onion" faux story, but it sadly, is a part of our congress that is clearly psychotic.



I don't use the word "cult" lightly. Mike Lofgren - previous life as a GOP operative - takes his former party to task in his op-ed: "Goodbye to All That: Reflections of a GOP Operative Who Left the Cult."



Two poignant excerpts:

"It should have been evident to clear-eyed observers that the Republican Party is becoming less and less like a traditional political party in a representative democracy and becoming more like an apocalyptic cult, or one of the intensely ideological authoritarian parties of 20th century Europe. This trend has several implications, none of them pleasant.

"Far from being a rarity, virtually every bill, every nominee for Senate confirmation and every routine procedural motion is now subject to a Republican filibuster. Under the circumstances, it is no wonder that Washington is gridlocked: legislating has now become war minus the shooting, something one could have observed 80 years ago in the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. As Hannah Arendt observed, a disciplined minority of totalitarians can use the instruments of democratic government to undermine democracy itself."

We are being held hostage by nihilistic narcissists/domestic terrorists: more intent on wrecking "collectivism"-cum-Koch rebuke, deliberately sabotaging the very idea of democratic republics, holding off scrutiny from  many well-meaning peoples with a few biblical verses and babble on the "sanctity of the unborn." We can't solve the crisis at the border; the crisis in the Near East; Ebola virus containment; Climate Change; education reform minus standardized testing idiocy; global competitiveness in science and technology; jobs; keeping the government open: we can't pass laws in a governing body where part of it doesn't believe in government. When the Earth and entire universe is only 6,000 years old and "the end is nigh," there is no reason - as it, and logic have left the House of Representatives - and there is no possibility of solving complex problems. That is a ship of state teetering the narrow edge of self-extinction. It is arrogant to think the global powers would not change the world currency of commerce from the Dollar to the Yuan or Euro overnight.



Meanwhile, the now-born on the border fleeing violence are destined to be stillborn on their fleeing feet; as an esteemed member of congress and Civil Rights icon John Lewis has stated, "history will judge us harshly." More also for not demanding the one litmus test prior to running for public office that should matter for our leaders: a psychological evaluation on the fitness to serve.

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Moxie and Mars 2020...



NASA's next Mars rover will feature lasers, ground-penetrating radar and other high-tech science gear designed to help it snag samples of the most interesting Martian rocks for eventual return to Earth.



The U.S. space agency announced today (July 31) that the new car-size rover will carry seven instruments when it launches toward the Red Planet in 2020. The different parts of the science payload are designed to work together to identify rocks that have the best chance of preserving evidence of past life on Mars, if it ever existed, officials said. 1



 2

Space.com:
1. NASA's Next Mars Rover to Collect Martian Samples, Carry Lasers
2. How NASA's Mars 2020 Rover Will Work (Infographic)

Tomorrow: Nihilistic Narcissists

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The First Second...



At first, I was just going to post without comment, but given the environment and the excitement "theory" elicits from a few of us with either limited understanding and/or only the social metaphor appreciation:

The United States National Academy of Sciences defines scientific theories as follows: The formal scientific definition of theory is quite different from the everyday meaning of the word. It refers to a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence. See also: Wikipedia and  Live Science.

Now - I saw this on The Science Channel Thursday morning:
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Light Speed and Neutrinos...

Composite image of the remnant of SN1987A. Can James Franson's theory explain why the supernova appears to have emitted two bursts of neutrinos? (Courtesy: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/A Angelich)

The effect of gravity on virtual electron–positron pairs as they propagate through space could lead to a violation of Einstein's equivalence principle, according to calculations by James Franson at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. While the effect would be too tiny to be measured directly using current experimental techniques, it could explain a puzzling anomaly observed during the famous SN1987 supernova of 1987.



In modern theoretical physics, three of the four fundamental forces – electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force and the strong nuclear force – are described by quantum mechanics. The fourth force, gravity, does not currently have a quantum formulation and is best described by Einstein's general theory of relativity. Reconciling relativity with quantum mechanics is therefore an important and active area of physics.



An open question for theoretical physicists is how gravity acts on a quantum object such as a photon. Astronomical observations have shown repeatedly that light is attracted by a gravitational field. Traditionally, this is described using general relativity: the gravitational field bends space–time, and the light is slowed down (and slightly deflected) as it passes through the curved region. In quantum electrodynamics, a photon propagating through space can occasionally annihilate with itself, creating a virtual electron–positron pair. Soon after, the electron and positron recombine to recreate the photon. If they are in a gravitational potential then, for the short time they exist as massive particles, they feel the effect of gravity. When they recombine, they will create a photon with an energy that is shifted slightly and that travels slightly slower than if there was no gravitational potential.



Physics World:
New correction to speed of light could explain SN1987 neutrino burst

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Quantum Pigeons...

Quantum pigeons do not roost in pairs. (Courtesy: iStock/slobo)

Because a Cheshire-like cat just wasn't clarifying/confusing enough...Smiley

First there was Schrödinger's cat, now an international team of physicists has come up with a new animal-related paradox involving "quantum pigeons".

For nearly a century students have struggled to understand the many counter-intuitive implications of quantum physics. Perhaps the most famous paradox is Schrödinger's cat, whereby a cat being both dead and alive at the same time illustrates the fact that a particle can exist simultaneously in two quantum states.

Now, Jeff Tollaksen of Chapman University in California and colleagues in Israel, Italy and the UK have proposed an equally bizarre scenario dubbed the "quantum-pigeonhole effect". The paradox begins with the observation that when you put three pigeons in two pigeonholes, there will always be at least two pigeons in the same hole. But according to the team's quantum analysis, it is possible for none of the pigeons to share a hole.

"It's one of those things that seem to be impossible," says Tollaksen. But it is a direct consequence of quantum mechanics and, he adds, "It really has immense implications."

Classical physics is deterministic. This means that measuring the initial state of a system will, in principle, tell you everything you need to determine the final state. But in 1964 Yakir Aharonov of Chapman University and Tel Aviv University helped discover that in quantum mechanics, you can choose initial and final states that are entirely independent, Tollaksen says.

Now Aharonov has teamed up with Tollaksen and colleagues to use this and other concepts of quantum mechanics to postulate the quantum-pigeonhole effect. They reckon that the effect will arise when an observer makes a sequence of measurements while trying to fit three particles in two boxes.



Physics World: Paradoxical pigeons are the latest quantum conundrum

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